中国主栽猕猴桃品种的气候适宜性区划

为合理规划猕猴桃种植布局,基于中国大陆地区主栽的美味猕猴桃和中华猕猴桃的种植分布信息以及1981-2010年2084个气象台站数据,综合生理存在需求和品质形成选取了影响猕猴桃种植分布的9个潜在影响因子,结合最大熵(MaxEnt)模型和ArcGIS软件,构建了猕猴桃潜在种植分布与气候因子的关系模型,研究了影响猕猴桃种植分布的主导气候因子及适宜范围,并利用存在概率这一综合反映各主导因子作用的指标,对不同的气候适宜区进行了划分。结果表明:影响中国区域猕猴桃种植分布的主导气候因子按照贡献率大小依次为最冷月平均气温、年日照时数、年相对湿度、最热月平均气温、无霜期和降水量,限制性因子是无霜期和最冷月平均气温。猕猴桃的潜在适宜区主要分布在102oE以东,24-36oN区域。其中,高气候适宜区主要包括四川中东部、重庆中西部、贵州高原、湘西南和陕西秦岭北麓。湖南、湖北和重庆等省市气候适宜度较高,还有较大的发展空间,而目前种植较为集中的秦岭北麓和川西北种植区应适当控制发展规模,着力提升品质和效益。

Regionalization of Climatic Suitability for Major Kiwifruit Cultivars in China

Based on the information of geographical plantation for kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa andActinidia chinensis) in 171 counties in the Chinese mainland in 2013, and the meteorological data of 2084 stations from 1981 to 2010, 9 factors that might have potential influence on the distribution of the kiwifruit plantation were selected considering the combination of its physiological demand and quality formation. And the relationship between potential distribution of the kiwifruit plantation and climatic factors was established by using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model via ArcGIS. Then, the dominant climatic factors and their appropriate ranges that affect the distribution of kiwifruit plantation were investigated. And the region of climatic suitability for the kiwifruit plantation was divided basing on presence probability. The results showed that the dominant climatic factors affecting the distribution of the kiwifruit plantation in China were the coldest monthly mean temperature, annual sunshine hours, annual relative humidity, hottest monthly mean temperature, frost-free duration and precipitation, the frost-free duration, and the coldest average temperature. The suitable region of the kiwifruit was mainly located within east of 102°E and 24-36°N. Among them, the most suitable region included mainly the middle and eastern parts of Sichuan, mid-western parts of Chongqing, Guizhou Plateau, the southwest of Hunan and the north of Qinling Mountains. Hunan, Hubei and Chongqing were the more suitable region that has higher climate adaptability for further development. The north of Qinling Mountain and northwest Sichuan, where were widely cultivated up to data, should be controlled to a proper scale and enhanced the quality and benefit of the kiwifruit plantation.