气象条件对酿酒葡萄若干品质因子的影响

根据2004-2005年北方6省酿酒葡萄主要产区葡萄取样和宁夏芦花台园艺场田间试验资料，分析了影响酿酒葡萄主要品质因子总糖、总酸、pH值和单宁积累的气象因子和影响时段，并建立了关系模式，提出了影响酿酒葡萄品质的定量气象指标。研究结果表明：酿酒葡萄品质与气象条件密切相关，主要影响因子是降水量、积温和气温日较差等。影响酿酒葡萄品质形成的关键时期是7-8月（幼果膨大-果实着色期），其次是果实着色期-成熟期。7—8月降水量和水热系数对酿酒葡萄总糖含量的影响最大，7-8〉130mm，K7-8〉1．62时，总糖含量不能达到170g／L（酿优质酒所需最低糖度）。酿酒葡萄总酸含量与果实采收前一个月水热系数呈幂指数关系，随水热系数增加，含酸量缓慢增加。因此，要使酿酒葡萄果实中酸含量达到5～6g／L，则果实采收前一个月的水热系数应在0．12～0．63。酿酒葡萄中单宁含量与开花-成熟期积温、8月平均气温、9月l日到果实采收期日较差和采收前一个月平均最低气温呈指数关系，与8月日照时数呈二次曲线关系。酿酒葡萄果实的pH值随开花-成熟期平均最高气温和果实膨大期蒸发量的增加而增加。

Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Some Quality Factors of Wine Grape

Based on the data of wine grape's sampling from field experiments during 2004 and 2005 in six provinces in the Northern China,the relationship between quality of wine grape and meteorological conditions was analyzed,The results showed that the key periods affected the quality of wine grape were the fruit expanding to fruit-coloring and fruit coloring to mature period.The precipitation and precipitation-thermo coefficient(R) during July and August were the most important factor affected total sugar content of wine grape.As R7-8>130mm and K7-8>1.62,the total sugar content would be less than 170g/L which was the minimum sugar content reguirement for wine grape.The total acid content slowly increased as the R increased.The tannin content formed parabola relationship with sunshine duration in August.The pH of wine grape increased as the increase of mean maximum temperature during anthesis to harvest period,and of the evaporation during fruit expanding period.