小麦/玉米免耕处理对产量及土壤水分和风蚀的影响

通过3年田间定位试验,研究在小麦、玉米间作条件下,免耕高留茬、免耕秸秆覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖+播前耙地、传统耕作4种耕作处理对小麦/玉米产量、土壤含水率、土壤风蚀的影响.结果表明:1)免耕处理小麦玉米间作混合产量比传统耕作产量增产2.6％～6.6％,其中玉米产量比传统耕作处理增产8.6％ ～ 13.2％,小麦产量比传统耕作降低5.2％～8.8％；2)免耕处理可增加耕作层土壤蓄水量13.4％～15.9％,降低土壤风蚀量55.6％～100.0％.说明小麦秸秆高茬收割覆盖、玉米秸秆立地过冬的间作免耕技术可在甘肃河西、沿黄地区及国内同类型的小麦玉米间作地区进行示范推广.

Effects of no-tillage treatments on crop yield of Triticum aestivum/ Zea mays and soil moisture and soil erosion by wind

Field experiments of 3-year were conducted in Triticum aestivum/Zea mays intercropping by four no-tillage treatments,including no-tillage with high stubble reaping,no-tillage with straw cover,no-tillage with straw cover+ rake the soil before sowing,conventional tillage.The effects of these no-tillage treatments on the yields of Triticum aestivum interplanting Zea mays,soil moisture and soil erosion by wind were studied.Results showed: 1)compared with the conventional tillage,no-tillage treatments could increase mixed yields of Triticum aestivum and Zea mays by 2.6%-6.6%,increase the yield of Zea mays by 8.6%-13.2%,and decrease the yield of Triticum aestivum by 5.2%-8.8%.2) Under no-tillage treatments,the capacity of soil water storage in the cultivated horizon increased by 13.4%-15.9%,and the soil erosion by wind decreased by 55.6%-100.0%.It can be concluded that no-tillage treatments of Triticum aestivum/Zea mays intercropping performed better effects,and could apply to other regions,such as in Hexi prefectures in Gansu Province,the regions on the verge of Yellow River and the same type of regions in domestic.