参与式农村评估(PRA)在流域景观格局研究中的应用——以晋西黄土区吉县蔡家川为例

 参与式农村评估(participatoryruralappraisal,PRA)是国际上20世纪90年代初发展起来并迅速推广运用的农村社会调查研究方法,其核心是一个在外来者与当地人之间相互沟通和对话的过程。在山西省吉县蔡家川流域应用PRA,对流域景观格局及其影响因子进行尝试性研究,主要采用PRA的半结构访谈、问题树等方法,调查分析当地社区信息,结合地理信息系统的空间数据管理功能,完成相关数据的集成及图示表达,此外,还选取部分景观组分进行格局分析。结果显示:PRA为人为因子信息获取及相关评价分析,提供了一个主动而有效的途径,它与地理信息系统和遥感的结合,有助于科学合理地诠释与解析现状格局成因及预测未来演变趋势。在蔡家川流域,近期导致景观格局变异的主要人为干扰,是由外来利益群体的直接行为与本地核心问题———“缺水”共同作用而形成的。

Application of participatory rural appraisal in watershed landscape pattern:A case study of Caijiachuan watershed, the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi province

As a method of rural social investigation, participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is developing rapidly and applying widely in the international since the 1990*!s in 20th century. Its core concept is a process of communication and dialog between the outsiders and local people. The authors try to study the watershed landscape pattern and its effect elements by using the PRA tools involve semi-structure interview and problem tree to get and analyses local community information in Caijiachuan watershed of Shanxi Province. Combining with the spatial data management function of geographic information system (GIS), the integration and mapping of relative data is finished. Otherwise, some landscape elements are selected to do pattern analysis. The results show that PRA offers an active and effective approach to understanding and evaluating artificial disturbance, and is helpful to explain and dissect the actual pattern cause and future development by associating with GIS and remote sensing data.In the study area, the recent changing of landscape pattern is due to both the direct activities of the outside benefit groups and the local core problem, that is, the lack of water.