干热河谷生态修复模式及其效应——以中国科学院东川泥石流观测研究站为例

 金沙江干热河谷水土流失严重,滑坡、泥石流等山地灾害强烈,生态环境十分脆弱。以中国科学院东川泥石流观测研究站为研究区,根据立地条件和植物生物学特性,提出了荒坡地乔灌草恢复性生态修复模式和坡耕地农、林、牧开发性生态修复模式,并对生态修复效应进行了监测和调查。结果表明:通过生态修复,林草地地表径流量降为裸地的14.9%,泥沙流失量降为裸地的6.4%;修复灌草地稳渗率为0.58mm/min,裸地稳渗率为修复灌草地的62%,退化灌草丛地为修复灌草地的84%;植物品种由10余种发展到30多种,土壤种子库密度由300余粒/m2增加到1217～1450粒/m2,动物种类增加10多种;坡耕地产量从750～1500kg/hm2增加到4500～6000kg/hm2,人均年经济收入从200元增加到800～1000元。

Model and effect of ecological restoration of dry-hot valley:A case study of the CAS Dongchuan Debris Flow Observation Station

The ecological environment of dry-hot valley along Jinsha River is heavily fragile, resulting from that mountain hazards have occurred frequently such as landslide, debris flow and heavy soil erosion and water loss. According to soil conditions at different sites and biological characteristics of plants, two ecological restoration models are introduced by the case study of the Dongchuan Debris Flow Observation Station, CAS. The restorative measures are employed to bare slope by planting trees, shrubs and herbs. And the other one is applied to slope farmland by the way of integrated agriculture measures. And effects of ecological restoration are also monitored and invested, which demonstrate that the surface runoff is only 14.9% and soil loss is 6.4% respectively on the slopes treated by planting trees and herbs, compared to that on bare slopes. The final infiltration ratio is 0.58 mm/min on restored shrub-herb land, and is only 62% on bare slopes and 84% on degraded shrub-herb land respectively. The amount of plant species increases from 10 to 30 after restoration. The soil seed-bank density increases from 300 grains/m^2 to 1 217 grains/m^2 - 1450/m^2. The animal species increases by 10 species. The productivity of slope farmland rises from 750 - 1500 to 4500 - 6000 kg/ hm^2. The per capita annual income increases from 200 to 800 - 1000 RMB.