黑土区不同耕作措施的水土保持效益

为了探求黑土区坡耕地水土流失的有效防治措施,以吉林省伊通县毯子房小流域为典型试验研究区,采用野外观测与室内实验相结合的方法,对留茬、轮作和秸秆还田3种不同耕作措施下黑土区坡耕地的水土保持效益进行研究与分析。结果表明:1)对照处理产生径流量和泥沙量最大,秸秆还田产生侵蚀量最小,留茬、轮作和秸秆还田比对照处理径流量减少36.4%～66.7%,泥沙量减少75.2%～86.4%;2)与对照相比,留茬、轮作和秸秆还田3种不同措施下冲刷泥沙中土壤有机质质量分数分别减少56.6%,62.8%和81.4%,全氮质量分数分别减少53.3%,60.0%和80.0%,全磷质量分数减少38.5%,61.5%和84.6%,且不同处理下3种土壤养分流失总量均比对照减少85%以上。

Effects of different tillages on the soil and water conservation benefits in Northeast black soil area of China

To find the effective methods for protecting the sloping farmland in Northeast black soil area from soil and water erosion,soil and water conservation benefit from sloping land with stubble,crop rotation and straw returning was analyzed by laboratory and field test in Tanzifang Watershed of Yitong County,Jilin Province.The results indicated that： 1） Runoff and erosion were the highest in the control plot while plot with straw returning had the minimum value.Compared with the control,runoff and soil erosion of plots with different tillage measures were decreased by 36.4%-66.7% and 75.2%-86.4% respectively.2） Compared with the control,soil organic matter content in the sediment under stubble,crop rotation and straw returning measures was reduced by 56.6%,62.8% and 81.4%,the content of total nitrogen by 53.3%,60.0% and 80.0% and total phosphorus content by 38.5%,61.5% and 84.6%,respectively.Moreover,soil nutrient loss with different tillages decreased by more than 85% compared with the control.