东北黑土区小流域综合治理措施及效益评价——以振祥小流域为例

 在东北黑土区振祥小流域全面调查的基础上,采用坡面防护、沟道治理等工程措施,配置相应的林草措施,并辅之以适当的耕作措施,对振祥小流域进行了水土保持综合治理开发,并对治理后产生的效益进行初步评价。经过5a的实践,综合治理取得了良好的生态、经济和社会效益。2008年各项措施全部生效,每年拦蓄径流30.65万m3,保土总量1.71万t,水土流失区土壤侵蚀模数由治理前的2350 t/(km2.a)下降到416t/(km2.a),年增加经济收益29.39万元,林草覆盖率由治理前的9.0%增加到12.3%。证明该综合治理措施适用于黑土区,为黑土区小流域综合治理的全面开展提供参考。

Comprehensive management measures and benefits evaluation of small watershed in the black soil region of Northeast China: Taking Zhenxiang small watershed as an example

Based on the comprehensive investigation in Zhenxiang small watershed located in the black soil region of Northeast China,the engineering measures,such as slope protection and gully erosion control measures,forest planting and grass seeding,and conservation tillage measures,development and utilization of natural resources were applied in the small watershed.And a preliminary evaluation of benefits led by soil and water conservation was made.The results showed that significant ecological,economic and social benefits were achieved by 5 years watershed management.When soil and water conservation planning was completely implemented in 2008,the amount of surface runoff storage and silt detention by adopting soil and water conservation measures were 306.5 thousand cubic meters and 17 100 t per year respectively,and the soil erosion modulus of the soil erosion area was reduced from 2 350 t/（km2·a） to 416 t/（km2·a）,the direct economic benefit was 293.9 thousand Yuan per year,at the same time,forest and grass coverage rate increased from 9.0% before management to 12.3%.The results can be served as theoretical guidance for soil and water conservation and vegetation rehabilitation in the Northeastern black soil area.