山西采煤造成的土地荒漠化及趋势分析

 以山西省煤矿区土地为研究对象,对山西省采煤破坏土地所造成土地荒漠化程度、范围、分布等方面进行研究,应用山区地表移动变形预测数学模型和统计学方法,对未来5年煤矿区的土地破坏状况进行预测。结果表明:1949—2004年间,山西省因采煤导致的土地荒漠化面积累计1151.9 km2,其中采煤塌陷面积1 113.8 km2,废弃物压占面积15.1 km2,露天开采破坏面积23.0km2。在采煤塌陷破坏的土地中,耕地占42.8%,未利用地占43.2%,其他已利用地占14%。采煤塌陷土地破坏程度的比例为轻度42.6%,中度39.0%,重度18.4%。预测结果表明:到2010年山西省煤矿区的土地破坏总面积将达到1853.9 km2,其中塌陷地1 811.7km2。研究结果为山西省煤矿区土地荒漠化治理、生态环境评价以及可持续生态系统的重建,提供了翔实的基础数据和决策依据。

Analysis of current situation and trend of land desertification in coal mine area of Shanxi Province

Taking the coal mining area of Shanxi Province as the studied area, the grade, bound, distribution of land desertification was analyzed which was brought by coal mining. The mathematics model of subsidence and distortion in mountain areas and the statistics method were used to forecast the land failure of coal mining in the next 5 years. The results showed that the area of desertification brought by coal mining from 1949 to 2004 added up to 1 151.9 km^2, and the collapsed area accounted for 1 113.8 km^2, the area of cast-off is 15.1 km^2, the area destroyed by opencast working is 23.0 km^2. In the collapsed land, the ploughland accounted for 42.8%, unused land accounted for 43.2%, and other used land accounted for 14%. According to the degree of the collapsed land, slightly degree accounted for 42.6%, medium degree accounted for 39%, severe degree accounted for 18.4%. The forecasting results showed that until 2010 the total area of land which is destroyed in Shanxi coal mining will reach 1 853.9 km^2, and the collapsed land will account for 1 811.7 km^2. This paper offered basic data and decision-making gist for the amelioration to desertification, eco-environmental evaluation, and sustainable eco-system reconstruction of coal mining in Shanxi Province.