晋西黄土区幼龄苹果+花生间作地土壤水分的时空分布特征

选取晋西黄土区具有典型代表性的幼龄苹果(Malus pumila)+花生(Arachis hypogaea)间作地作为研究对象,在花生生长季的不同时间对苹果+花生间作地和对照花生单作地的土壤水分进行定位监测,研究苹果+花生间作系统间作界面上土壤水分的时空分布特征和水分效应,及其对花生生长状况和产量的影响。结果表明:1)间作地土壤平均水分含量生长季逐月变化显著,水分耗用最大的时间为7月;2)在垂直方向上,土壤含水量随着土壤深度的增加而增加,在水平方向上,土壤含水量最低值出现在距离果树行最近的区域,并随着与树行距离的增加而增加;3)间作地种间土壤水分耗用量最大的区域为靠近苹果树的表层土壤;4)在当前树龄下,苹果+花生间作系统相对于花生单作土壤水分在整体上表现为负效应,对花生的产量产生了不利的影响,并限制了果农间作系统生态效益和经济效益的进一步提高。建议采取适当的调控和管理措施缓解种间水分竞争并提高花生的产量。

Spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in young Malus pumila ＋Arachis hypogaea intercropping system on the Loess Plateau of West Shanxi Province

By taking the typical representative young Malus pumila ＋ Arachis hypogaea intercropping plots in the loess region of West Shanxi Province as the research object, soil moisture at different times in Arachis hypogaea growing season, the biomass and yield of Arachis hypogaea both in intercropping plots and monoculture plots were tested to find out the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture and the effects of soil water. Results indicated that： 1 ） the soil moisture of Malus pumila ＋ Arachis hypogaea intercropping plots changed significantly in different months, and the maximum consumption period for soil moisture occurred in July; 2） in vertical direction, the soil moisture increased with soil depth increasing, while in horizontal direction, the lowest soil moisture appeared at the area adjacent to the Malus pumila tree line and the mean value increased with the distance increasing; 3） the topsoil near the Malus pumila tree line was the most competitive region for soil moisture by trees and crops; 4） in the current tree age, soil moisture effect of Malus pumila ＋ Arachis hypogaea intercropping system had an overall negative effect which reduced Arachis hypogaea production compared with monocuhure plots. It was a limiting factor to enhance the ecological and economic benefits by fruit-crop intercropping; 5） theauthors recommended to take appropriate regulation and management measures to alleviate interspecific competition for soil moisture and to improve Arachis hypogaea yields.