石灰岩山地不同整地方式对侧柏林土壤蓄水保土功能的影响

以新泰市汶南镇石灰岩山地洞山小流域上部采取水平阶整地、鱼鳞坑整地和穴状整地3种不同整地方式营造的6年生侧柏林为研究对象,以2012年10月采用样收获法测定枯落物蓄积量和灌草生物量,环刀浸水法测定土壤物理性状和土壤蓄水性能,单环定量加水法测定土壤入渗速率,标尺法测定土壤侵蚀量,研究不同整地方式对侧柏林土壤蓄水保土功能的影响。结果表明:1)水平阶整地的侧柏林土壤物理性状最好,土壤养分质量分数最高,鱼鳞坑整地次之,穴状整地最差,水平阶整地的土壤渗透速率最快,穴状整地最慢;2)水平阶整地的侧柏林林木生长量和枯落物层蓄积量均最大,穴状整地的最小;3)3种整地方式侧柏林的林下灌草生物量大小顺序依次为对照>穴状整地>鱼鳞坑整地>水平阶整地;4)与对照相比,水平阶整地侧柏林增加的土壤饱和贮水量最大,为117.69m3/hm2,其次为鱼鳞坑整地,为97.04 m3/hm2,穴状整地最小,为78.90 m3/hm2;5)与对照相比,水平阶整地减少的土壤侵蚀量最大,为39.161 t/(hm2.a),穴状整地的最小,为34.569 t/(hm2.a)。该研究为石灰岩退化山地山坡上部营造水土保持林选择整地方式提供了科学依据。

Influence of different site preparation modes on the function of soil and water conservation of Platycladus orientalis forest in Limestone Mountainous region

Six-year-old Platycladus orientalis forest,built in three different site preparations,i.e.level-terrace,scale ripple and foveolate site preparation on the upper part of Dongshan small watershed,the limestone area in Wennan Tower,Xintai City,was chosen to be the research object.In October 2012,sample harvest method was used to measure the stand volume of litter and biomass of shrub and grass,cutting ring water immersion method was used to measure soil physical properties and water storage performance,monocyclic ring quantitative water was used to measure soil infiltration rate and scaleplate was used to measure soil erosion amount.The results in the research of influence on Platycladus orientalis from different site preparation modes showed that： 1） In level-terrace site preparation,the soil physical properties were best and the soil nutrients quality was highest,while those in scale ripple site preparation took second place and in foveolate site preparation were worst.The soil infiltration rate of Platycladus orientalis in level-terrace site preparation was highest while that in foveolate site preparation was lowest.2） The tree growth and litter layer volume of level-terrace site preparation was biggest while that of foveolate site preparation was smallest.3） The understory shrub and grass biomass of three site preparations was all less than the control;the biomass of foveolate site preparation was largest,that of level-terrace site preparation was smallest and that of scale ripple site preparation was between the two.4） Compared with the control,the soil saturation water storage in level-terrace site preparation was the largest with 117.69 m3/hm2,followed by 97.04 m3/hm2 of scale ripple site preparation and the smallest was 78.90 m3/hm2 of foveolate site preparation.5） Compared with the control,the soil erosion amount reduced the most with 39.161 t/hm2·a in level-terrace site preparation,while that of foveolate site preparation reduced the least,to be 34.569 t/hm2·a.The research provided scientific basis for choosing site preparations to build soil and water conservation forest on the upper part of limestone degradation mountain.