福建闽江上游不同林地类型土壤水库“库容”的特性

 以裸露地为对照,研究木荷林地、杉木林地、封山育林地的土壤水库“库容”组成及其特性,以探讨森林土壤水库的蓄水调水机制。结果表明:木荷林地、杉木林地和封山育林地土壤水库总“库容”,分别为503.95、471.62和451.48mm,分别是裸露地的1.23、1.15、1.10倍;兴利库容分别为326.87、332.21和309.94mm,分别是裸露地的1.23、1.25、1.17倍;死库容分别为114.29、89.60和101.46mm,分别是裸露地的1.11、0.87、0.99倍;防洪库容分别为62.79、49.81和40.08mm,分别是裸露地的1.52、1.21、0.97倍。最大有效库容为389.66、382.02和350.02mm,分别是裸露地的1.27、1.25、1.14倍。不同林地类型土壤水库的“库容”组成,均表现为兴利库容>死库容>防洪库容。与裸露地相比,林地土壤水库“库容”的增加,与林木生长对林地土壤结构的改良作用和林地地表的良好覆盖有关。

Properties of soil reservoir capacity in different forest land types in Minjiang River upper reaches of Fujian

Bare land is taken as CK and Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata and enclosing & tending land as study objects, in order to study the mechanism of forest soil reservoir on storing and regulating run-off. The results show that total capacity in Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata and enclosing & tending land was 503.95, 471.62 and 451.48?mm respectively, which was 1.23, 1.15 and 1.10 times as high as that in the CK; Storage capacity in them was 326.87, 332.21 and 309.94mm, 1.23, 1.25 and 1.17 times as high as that in the CK respectively; Dead capacity in them was 114.29, 89.60 and 101.46mm respectively, 1.11, 0.87 and 0.99 times as high as that in the CK; Flood control capacity in them was 62.79, 49.81 and 40.08mm, 1.52, 1.21 and 0.97 times as high as that in the CK respectively; and maximal available water capacity in them was 389.66, 382.02 and 350.02mm, 1.27, 1.251.14 times as high as that in the CK respectively. Capacities of forest soil reservoir in different forest lands follow the rule, storage capacity>dead capacity>flood control capacity. Comparison with CK, the increasing of capacities of forest soil reservoir correlates with the improvement of forest growing to land soil structure and better coverage in the forest land.