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近20年来黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型小流域土地利用/覆被变化分析
引用本文:马瞳宇,张晓萍,马芹,雷泳南.近20年来黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型小流域土地利用/覆被变化分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(3):9-14.
作者姓名:马瞳宇  张晓萍  马芹  雷泳南
作者单位:1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院
2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,712100,陕西杨凌
基金项目:黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室专项经费项目“水蚀风蚀交错区侵蚀环境演变的地学-生物学过程及其调控”(10502-Z12-1)
摘    要:剖析黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区小流域不同土地利用/覆被类型的演变方向和程度,是认识该区侵蚀环境演变趋势,评价区域水土流失动态的重要基础性工作.通过收集黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型代表流域——神木县六道沟流域1990、1995、2002年土地利用信息和2010年遥感影像,结合近期实地调查结果,分析该区耕地、林草地和工矿用地等主要土地利用类型在流域内分布格局的变化态势.结果表明:1)1990-2010年,流域林草地面积占总面积比例由35.74%增加到62.79%,耕地面积比例从33.87%锐减至7.61%,坡耕地和旱梯田向林草地大量转移,耕作区域向沟缘线以下沟谷地转移和集中,沟缘线以下耕地面积占耕地总面积比例由13.82%上升至74.04%,工矿用地作业面积由0.28 hm2扩展到14.89 hm2,煤矿开采趋于活跃;2)就影响侵蚀环境演变的流域下垫面条件而言,地表覆被,尤其沟缘线以上坡面植被显著改善,但煤矿开采活动的活跃,一方面对流域内林草生长及土地利用方式存在着极大影响,另一方面,对侵蚀环境的人为恶化起着巨大的促进作用.

关 键 词:土地利用  数量变化  分布态势  六道沟流域  水蚀风蚀交错区

Land use/cover changes in Liudaogou catchment in water-wind erosion crisscross region in Loess Plateau during the past 20 years
Ma Tongyu , Zhang Xiaoping , Ma Qin , Lei Yongnan.Land use/cover changes in Liudaogou catchment in water-wind erosion crisscross region in Loess Plateau during the past 20 years[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,10(3):9-14.
Authors:Ma Tongyu  Zhang Xiaoping  Ma Qin  Lei Yongnan
Institution:1.College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University;2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources:712100,Yangling,Shaanxi,China)
Abstract:To study the evolution characteristics of erosion environment in water-wind erosion crisscross region in Loess Plateau during the past 20 years,we investigated and analyzed the land use/cover change in Liudaogou catchment on farmland,woodland,grassland and industrial land with the land use information in 1990,1995,2002 and the RS image in 2010.The results showed: 1)From 1990 to 2010,due to the dramatically transference from slope farmland and dry terrace to woodland and grassland,especially after the implementation of the "Grain for green" policy in 1999,the percentage of the woodland and grassland increased from 35.74% to 62.79% and the percentage of farmland decreased from 33.87%(233.54 hm2)to 7.61%(52.49 hm2).The main farming area distributed mainly in the land below the gully edge,whose proportion went up from 13.82% to 74.04% out of the total area of farmland.Industrial area was extended from 0.28 hm2 to 14.89 hm2 and the coal mining becomes more active.2)In the respect of underlying surface influencing erosion process,the vegetation coverage,especially above the gully edge,improved obviously.However,the increasingly more active coal mining,on the one hand,disrupted the growth of vegetation and land use type in this region,on the other hand,accelerated the erosion environment degeneration.
Keywords:land use  change of number  distribution  Liudaogou catchment  water-wind erosion crisscross region
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