长江上游及西南诸河区水土流失现状与综合治理对策

长江上游及西南诸河区横跨我国地貌第1级台阶和第2级台阶，地形起伏显著，构造运动强烈，降雨集中，人类活动强度大，水土流失发育，侵蚀类型多样。该区水土流失的特点有：坡耕地分布广泛，侵蚀强烈，是水土流失的主要来源；泥石流、滑坡量大面广，活动频繁，威胁工程与公共安全；库区水土流失普遍发育，面源污染严重，威胁水库水质；江河源区冻融、水力、风力侵蚀交互作用，草地退化严重，降低生态功能；石漠化过程加剧，危及土地安全，导致区域贫困；工程建设规模巨大，侵蚀产沙剧烈，成为新增水土流失的重要因素。针对该区水土流失的特点，提出如下治理对策：进行以坡改梯和坡面水系建设为主的坡耕地综合整治；重点治理泥石流和滑坡，控制沟谷蚀；建设清洁小流域，综合控制面源污染；改良牧业生产方式，保护草地，修复生态；开展石漠化综合防治，抢救性保护土壤资源；加强水土保持预防监督，落实工程建设水土保持，有效减轻工程建设产生的水土流失。

Current status and comprehensive control strategies of soil erosion for the upper Yangtze and other rivers in the Southwestern China

There are variety of soil erosion in the upper reaches of Yangtze and other rivers in the Southwest of China,located in the transition zone from the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau to the moderate mountains and hills.Remote sensing data of 2000 indicate that the eroded area of 1 324 100 km 2,54.34% of the total area of the region,among which 700 000 km 2 are of moderate and intense erosion;281 200 km 2 are of extreme erosion.The main agents of erosive action include freeze-thaw erosion,water erosion,and wind erosion,...