高分子聚合物对土壤物理及坡面产流产沙特征的影响

 为研究高分子聚合物对土壤改良和防治水土流失的作用,选择聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、脲醛树脂3种高分子聚合物,通过室内试验和人工模拟降雨试验,以不同浓度施入土壤,观察其对土壤物理及坡面产流产沙特性的影响。结果表明:1)3种高分子聚合物均是较好的土壤结构改良剂,经聚合物处理后的土壤水稳性团粒含量平均增加17.27%,渗透性能提高41.81%,密度减小11.18%,土壤持水能力较对照提高2.8倍。2)坡地喷施上述高分子聚合物能显著推迟产流时间,降低产流速度,与对照相比,施加聚合物的坡地减少径流量42.05%、土壤侵蚀量58%以上。3)根据其对土壤改良、减流减沙、防治土壤侵蚀效果的影响,确定3种高分子聚合物最佳施用浓度范围分别为116～145mL/m2,36～40 g/m2,180.0～240.0mL/m2,其中聚丙烯酸为作用效果最显著的高分子聚合物。上述3种高分子聚合物在改良土壤,防治水土流失方面有广泛的应用前景,今后还需对其效果持续性、最佳施用量等进一步研究。

Effect of macromolecule polymers on soil physical characteristics and runoff and sediment generation on slopeland

Through the simulated rainfall experiment and indoor experiment for the purpose of studying macromolecule polymers on soil improvement and controlling soil erosion,three types of macromolecule polymers with different concentrations including polypropylene acid,polythene hydrin and urea-formaldehyde resin on changing soil property and controlling soil and water loss are focused.The results showed that,all three types of macromolecule polymers have significant effect of improving soil physical properties.Compared with the control,the content of water-stable aggregate and the soil permeability increased by 17.27% and 41.81% respectively,and the soil bulk density decreased by 11.18% and the ability of holding water increased by 2.8 times.Runoff and soil erosion amount on the slope land applied macromolecule polymers decreasedby 42.05% and 58%,respectively,in comparison to the control because it can put off runoff generation and（decrease） velocity of it.Based on the comprehensive effects on improving soil structure, increasing soil infiltration and controlling runoff and sediment,the best application concentration range of three types of macromolecule polymers should be polypropylene-acid 116～145?mL/m²,polythene-hydri 36～40?g/m² and ureaformaldehyde resin 180.0～240.0?mL/m²,respectively,and the polypropylene acid has the best effect.These three macromolecule polymers has the wide application foreground for soil and water conservation in the future,whose duration of their effects and the optimal application concentration need to be researched further,however.