无人机遥感技术在生产建设项目水土保持监测中的应用——方法构建

无人机遥感为水土保持监测提供了新的技术支撑手段,但这一技术在水土保持监测工作中的应用尚处于起步阶段,还未形成统一、有效的方法与标准.研究将无人机遥感技术与水土保持监测现行的规范规程相结合,从基础数据获取、监测信息提取及信息在水土保持监测中的应用等3方面,构建基于无人机遥感的生产建设项目水土保持监测方法,并将其应用于工程实例.基础数据获取包括飞行规划设计、原始数据获取及原始数据处理3个步骤,最终生成DEM和DOM成果;监测信息提取可在DEM或DOM成果的基础上进行,通常包括土地利用类型、监测对象位置、长度、面积及体积等;信息应用主要是结合相关规程规范,将提取出的有效信息,逐一应用到生产建设项目水土保持监测工作中.应用结果表明,研究构建的方法简单实用,可提高无人机遥感在水土保持监测中应用的技术水平,为生产建设项目水土流失防治提供技术支撑.

Application of UAV remote sensing technology in monitoring of soil and water conservation for construction projects: The establishment of a method

Background] The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing provides a new supporting technique for soil and water conservation monitoring.However,for the practical use in soil and water conservation monitoring for construction projects,this technology is still at its beginning age and no uniform application methods or standards have been set up.The purpose of this work is to establish a method of soil and water conservation monitoring based on the UAV remote sensing technology,aiming at increasing the monitoring precision of UAV sensing technology and providing technical support for control soil loss in the construction projects.Methods] The established method is divided into three parts:the acquisition of basic data,the extraction of monitoring information and the application of information in monitoring work.First,the acquisition of basic data was carried out by UAV with GPS,IMU and specific sensor,and the raw data processing was conducted by Agisoft Photoscan Professional to obtain the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) results.Second,the extraction of monitoring information was based on the DEM and DOM results by software ArcGIS.The information extracted from DEM and DOM results generally includes the land cover type,the location,length,area and volume for a specific object and the reconstruction of a 3D model for the project area.Finally,according to the criterion,extracted information,and specification,the practical monitoring work was proceeded,in which the data include the monitoring of land disturbance,the use and disposal of soil,soil and water conservation measures,soil loss and soil and water conservation effects.Results] The established method was applied to a specific construction project for soil and water conservation monitoring test with a UAV of Phantom 4 Pro.In our test,the relative flight height was 129 m,and the aerial coverage area was 7.15 hm2.Horizontal resolution of the DEM and DOM results were 0.051 and 0.206 m,respectively.It was indicated that the areas of the typical temporary disposal area,production and living area 1,2 and 3 was 7 414.23 m2,1 818.57 m2,2 371.8 m2 and 1 851.94 m2,respectively.The volume of the temporary disposal was 72 626 m3 without temporary covers.Compared to the traditional monitoring methods,the established method not only saved time more than two third,but also avoided accident errors.Conclusions] The established method can be used in practical soil and water conservation monitoring for construction projects,and it is simple and practical.More importantly,it can improve our technical skill to apply UAV remote sensing technology into real soil and water conservation monitoring work,as to give strong technical support for soil and water conservation in construction projects.