滇东北退耕地生态经济林培育模式及成效分析

通过对滇东北不同退耕还林模式的生长状况、水土保持效益及经济效益研究，为退耕还林模式选择提供依据。根据滇东北典型的退耕还林模式，对4年生的苦丁茶（紫茎女贞）、毛桃、木姜子和实生板栗生长状况以及生物量进行调查分析，对相同降雨状况下不同模式类型对土壤渗透、地表径流及侵蚀状况的影响进行分析。结果表明：1）紫茎女贞、毛桃、木姜子和实生板栗生长较快，萌芽能力较强，生物量增长较快，是滇东北退耕还林良好的培育模式；2）地上部分最大持水量顺序为紫茎女贞〉毛桃〉板栗〉木姜子，由于造林期短，枯落物量较少，土壤渗透速率以紫茎女贞为最大；3）紫茎女贞、毛桃、木姜子及板栗林地的地表径流量和坡耕地相比，地表径流量相差不大，但泥沙量则明显比坡耕地少；4）紫茎女贞在栽培2 a后即可产生经济效益，年产值为2万8 125-11万2 500元/hm^2，具有较高的经济价值；毛桃、木姜子、板栗天麻菌材林的预期经济价值也较高，是滇东北退耕还林地生态建设值得推广的模式。

Analysis on planting modes and benefits of eco-economic forest of returning farmland to forests in northeastern Yunnan Province

The growth,soil and water conservation and economic benefit of the typical modes of returning farmland to forest in northeastern Yunnan Province was studied.The results showed that Ligustrum purpurascens forest,Prunus persica forest,Litsea pungens forest and Castanea mollissima forest were considered as major planting modes of returning farmland to forest.The descending order of water holding capacity of overground part is Ligustrum purpurascens,Prunus persica,Litsea pungens,Castanea mollissima.Their run-off is nearly to that of slope farmland,but their soil loss amount is less than that of slope farmland.The eco-economic benefits of the two modes was analysed.The economic benefits of the modes was also obviousely.After planting two years,annual output value of Ligustrum purpurascens forest reached 28 125-112 500 yuan per hectare.The anticipative economic benefits of Gastrodia elata forest was also obviousely.Therefore,the two eco-economic forests planting modes are considerable for returning farmland to forest in the mountain areas of northeastern Yunnan Province.