设施栽培番茄的氮磷钾肥料效应研究

采用"3414"肥料试验设计开展了设施栽培番茄的氮、磷、钾肥料效应研究。结果表明,在高肥力土壤上适量施用氮、磷、钾肥均可增加番茄产量,但过量施用会降低其产量;钾肥的增产作用大于磷肥,氮肥的作用较小;氮、钾肥和磷、钾肥配施可增加番茄产量,而氮、磷肥配施降低产量。氮、磷(P_2O_5)和钾(K_2O)最佳经济施肥量分别为119.0、50.4和375.6 kg/hm~2,施肥比例为1∶0.42∶3.16。不同施氮量对番茄硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的影响不规律,增施磷、钾肥番茄硝酸盐含量呈先增加后减少趋势;氮、磷肥和磷、钾肥配施可降低番茄硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。氮、钾肥和磷、钾肥配施提高了番茄可溶性糖含量,氮、磷肥和磷、钾肥配施降低了番茄总酸含量,氮、钾肥配施则有增加番茄总酸含量的趋势,氮、钾肥和磷、钾肥配施均可提高番茄Vc含量。氮、磷、钾肥料合理配施对番茄产量和品质的提高具有重要作用。

Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on tomato cultivation in greenhouse

"3414" fertilizer experiment was actualized to research the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on tomato in protected cultivation. The results showed that, the suitable application of N, P, K fertilizers increased tomato yield, but excessive application reduced the yield. The effect of K fertilizer on yield was greater than those of N and P fertiliz-ers. Combined fertilization of N and K or P and K increased tomato yield, but combined of N and P fertilizer reduced produc-tion. The nitrogen, phosphorus ( P2 O5 ) and potassium ( K2 O ) application rates for optimum economic fertilizing were 119. 0, 50. 4 and 375. 6 kg/hm2 , respectively, and the ratio was 1:0. 42:3. 16. Effects of different N levels on tomato nitrate and nitrite contents were not regularly. Nitrate content of tomato was increased firstly and then decreased when the P and K ap-plication increased; but the content of nitrate and nitrite of tomato fruits decreased when NP and PK fertilizer were applied. The soluble sugar contents in tomato fruits increased in NK and PK fertilizer treatments. The total acid contents of tomato fruits decreased in NP and PK fertilizer treatments, but increased in NK fertilizer treatment. The content of Vc in tomato fruits was increased in both NK and PK fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer combined application played an important role in improving the yield and quality of tomato.