配施菜籽饼对贵州省烟叶氮素和烟碱累积的影响

通过在黄壤烟田中配施生菜籽饼肥与腐熟菜籽饼肥,研究了不同配施处理对土壤氮素状况、烤烟氮素累积和烟碱累积的影响。结果表明:无机氮肥配施生菜籽饼肥与腐熟菜籽饼肥均能够显著提高黄壤烟田土壤碱解氮含量,促进烤烟旺长期间的氮素运移,降低上叶部烟碱累积量。与配施生菜籽饼肥相比,腐熟后的菜籽饼肥在烤烟生育期中对土壤氮素养分的影响更加缓和、平稳,降低烤烟生长末期土壤碱解氮含量达66.4%;施用腐熟菜籽饼肥的烤烟与施用生菜籽饼肥的烤烟相比,叶部氮素累积量降低21.3%,打顶后烟碱的累积强度降低幅度达16.7%,烟碱累积高峰期延迟40 d,降低了较高叶位的烟碱累积量,从而协调烤烟叶部和烟碱累积的关系,促进烤烟正常成熟,提升烟叶品质。因此,建议黄壤植烟地区施入腐熟菜籽饼配施无机肥。

Effects of co application of rapeseed cake and inorganic fertilizer on nitrogen and nicotine accumulation of tobacco leaves in Guizhou provence

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of co-application of rapeseed cake and inorganic fertilizer on soil nitrogen, nitrogen accumulation and nicotine synthesis of tobacco leaves in yellow soil. The results showed that both of raw rapeseed cake and fermented rapeseed cake plus inorganic fertilizer significantly increased contents of alkali hydrolysable nitro-gen, and promoted nitrogen transport in flourishing period and reduced accumulation of nicotine in upper leaves. Compared with application of raw rapeseed cake, co-application of fermented rapeseed cake improved soil nitrogen more steadily and re-duce alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen by 66. 4% at the end of the growing period. Compared with the treatment of application raw rapeseed cake, amendment with fermented rapeseed cake decreased nitrogen accumulation of upper leaves by 21. 3% and nico-tine accumulation in higher leaf, and reduced nicotine accumulation by 16. 7%after topping and the appearance of nicotine ac-cumulation peak delayed 40 days. Moreover, the treatment coordinated the tobacco leaf nitrogen and nicotine accumulation, promoted the normal mature of tobacco, and improved the quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, fermented rapeseed cake com-bined with inorganic fertilizer was recommended as suitable fertilization model used in yellow soil in areas planted tobacco.