施肥对食用百合植株氮磷钾分布、鳞茎产量和品质影响的研究进展

食用百合作为药、食兼用型植物,近年来受到了极大的关注,其产品远销海内外。食用百合的地下鳞茎部分具有食用品质优良、营养丰富、药用价值突出的特点,因此有着很大的开发利用空间和研究意义。通过梳理众多学者依食用百合施肥效益所取得的丰硕成果,为食用百合高产优质的栽培工作的开展及相关施肥技术的研究提供理论依据,助力农田食用百合的生产实现"高产量、优品质"这一长远目标。通过借助CNKI文献库资料,分析了二十多年来国内外对食用百合在生产过程中关于大田施肥的现状和研究进展,重点就施肥对食用百合中氮、磷、钾分布的影响,对食用百合地下鳞茎产量及品质的影响进行了阐述和总结。食用百合在栽培过程中,虽然各地区的百合的施肥量和时期不一,但均以施钾量的变化为关键,其次是氮肥和磷肥。为解决食用百合地下鳞茎近年来出现的产量下降、品质低劣等问题,提出研究发展趋势:(1)多种耕作措施的应用;(2)生物有机肥的施用;(3)专用肥施用;(4)施肥对百合植株代谢物质影响的研究。

Advance in the research of effects of fertilization on nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium distribution,bulb yield and quality in edible lily plants

Edible lily as a medicinal and edible plant that products are sold at home and abroad has been a great concern in recent years.The underground bulb part of edible lily has the characteristics of good eating quality,rich nutrition and outstanding medicinal value,meanwhile,it has great space for development and research.By reviewing the previous results about edible lily fertilization,this paper provided a theoretical basis for the development and fertilization technology of high yield and high quality cultivation of edible lily.Through CNKI library data,the current situation and research progress of edible lily on fertilization in the recent 20 more years were analyzed and summarized,focusing on effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application on the distribution,underground bulb yield and quality of edible lily bulb.Although the amount and period of fertilization of lily were different in different regions,the change of potassium application was the key factor,followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.Because of the lack of systemic cultivation technique and imperfect farmland management measures,problems such as poor yield and quality of the underground bulbs of edible lily to solve in recent years,some research trends has been expressed,namely(1)application of various tillage measures;(2)biological organic fertilizer application;(3)special fertilizer application;(4)to study the effects of fertilization on lily plant metabolite substance.