不同滴灌施肥模式对棉花产量及养分吸收的影响

通过等养分和等成本施肥田间试验,研究不同滴灌施肥模式对棉花产量及养分吸收的影响。试验设4种滴灌施肥模式,分别为常规基施(CK)、常规追施(DCK)、普通滴灌专用肥(F1)和高磷钾滴灌专用肥(F2)。结果表明,在等养分施用条件下,高磷钾滴灌专用肥和普通滴灌专用肥处理的棉花干物质重、养分吸收量和产量均显著高于常规基施处理,但普通滴灌专用肥和常规追施处理差异不大;常规基施处理的氮肥和磷肥的利用率最低,普通滴灌专用肥和常规追施处理的氮肥和磷肥利用率差异不显著,高磷钾滴灌专用肥可显著提高磷肥利用率。在等成本施用条件下,常规追施处理的棉花干物质重、养分吸收量和产量最高,而高磷钾滴灌专用肥、普通滴灌专用肥和常规基施处理无显著差异。因此,滴灌专用肥尤其是高磷钾滴灌专用肥具有较好的应用效果,但是如何降低肥料成本是滴灌专用肥技术面临的重要问题。

Effects of different fertigation methods on cotton yield and nutrient uptake

The effect of different fertigation methods on growth,nutrient uptake,and yield of cotton were investigated through a field experiment with the equal fertilization rate and the equal cost.Four fertigation methods were set as conventional fertilizer basal application (CK),conventional fertilizer topdressing (DCK),ordinary drip irrigation with specific fertilizer (F1),and high phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for drip irrigation (F2).Results showed that under the equal fertilization rate conditions,the dry weight,nutrient uptake,and yield of cotton in F1 and F2 treatments were significantly higher than CK,but there was no significant difference between F1 and DCK treatments.CK treatment had the least N and P use efficiency,and no significant difference was found between F1 and DCK treatments.The highest N and P use efficiency was found in F2 treatment.Under the equal fertilization cost conditions,treatment of DCK had the highest dry weight,nutrient uptake,and yield of cotton.There were no significant differences among CK,F1,and F2 treatments.Therefore,the special fertilizer for drip irrigation had better application effect on cotton yield and nutrient uptake,especially for high phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.But how to reduce the cost of fertilizer is an important problem faced by special fertilizer for drip irrigation.