海南有机肥替代氮肥对辣椒生长和品质的影响

过量施用氮肥会提高蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,且易造成环境污染。以优化施肥配方为基础,设置对照(100%化肥),另外3个处理分别为20%、40%、60%有机肥替代化肥,4个处理的氮肥用量相同,研究有机肥部分替代氮肥对辣椒生长、品质和土壤性状影响。结果表明,不同处理的辣椒产量无显著差异。有机肥替代氮肥可显著提高辣椒果实中Vc含量,降低亚硝酸盐含量。40%和60%处理有机肥叶片、茎秆生物量以及株高、冠幅等指标在后期显著低于化肥和20%替代处理。有机肥替代氮肥显著提升了土壤pH值和有机质含量。可见,有机肥替代氮肥不会造成海南辣椒前期生长、产量、外观品质下降,且有助于酸性土壤改良,其合理的替代比例是20%。

Study on the effect of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer on growth and quality of pepper in Hainan province

Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the content of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables and easily cause environmental pollution.Based on the optimization of fertilization formula,four treatments were set up in this study,namely fertilizer treatment,20%,40%and 60%chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer in order to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacement of nitrogen on growth,quality and soil properties of pepper.The same amount of nitrogen fertilizer was used in the four treatments.No significant difference in pepper yield was found among the different treatments.Concentration of Vc in pepper significantly increased after the chemical nitrogen was replaced by organic fertilizer,while the concentration of nitrite decreased.Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,the biomass of leaves,stems,plant height and crown width of pepper in 40%and 60%organic fertilizer treatments were lower than those of chemical fertilizer and 20%replacing treatment.The replacement of organic fertilizer for nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil pH and soil organic matter content.In summary,the replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by organic fertilizer in pepper planting of Hainan province did not cause the decline of growth,yield and appearance quality of pepper in early stage,and was conducive to acid soil improvement,and the reasonable replacement ratio was 20%.