多联辊刀式莲子剥壳机的结构与工作原理

为了实现高效低耗损机械化莲子剥壳,针对壳莲物理及结构特性,设计了一种基于辊刀切割原理的莲子剥壳机。辊刀式莲子剥壳机采用供送螺杆对壳莲进行分粒供送并使莲子按照一致的位形排序上料,采用由双托辊和剥壳辊构成的剥壳通道实现莲子剥壳,为适应不同品种、不同粒度壳莲的剥壳,在剥壳机设计中采用了集总式调节机构以实现对主要切割参数即切割压力、切割深度、螺旋辊刀空间斜置和偏置角度的调节。通过基于物理样机的剥壳试验,多联辊刀式莲子剥壳机的处理量大于100kg/h,剥壳率大于90%,仁壳分离率达92%,籽仁破损率小于3%。分析和试验结果表明,多联辊刀式莲子剥壳机设计新颖,性能稳定,工作可靠,调节维护方便快捷,能够满足莲子机械化剥壳的实用性需求。

Structure and working principle of de-huller with multiple cutter units for lotus seeds

In order to reach high efficiency and low loss of mechanized de-hulling for lotus seeds,de-huller for lotus seeds was designed based on the cutting principle and corresponding to the physical and structure characteristics of lotus seeds.In the design of the de-huller,the lotus seeds were fed into the de-hulling channel in queue of the seeds with a certain heading orientation by using a screw expeller,and the de-hulling channel composed of two rotating supporting roller and a con-rotating cutting roller was established to realize the de-hulling of seeds.The integrated adjustment unit was designed for the adjustment of the main cutting parameters such as cutting force,cutting depth,two obliquities in horizontal and vertical plane so that the different variety and granularity of seeds were de-hulled.With the experiment on the a physical prototyping,the de-huller was specified with the capacity of above 100 kg/h,the de-hulling rate of 90%,the separating rate of kernel from hull of 92%and the broken rate of kernels of less than 3%.The analysis and practice demonstrated that the de-huller was characterized with the innovative design,stable performance,reliable operation and convenient adjustment and suited for the mechanical processing of lotus seeds.