基于"三生"适宜性的旅游度假区潜在土地利用冲突识别与治理

社会经济的快速发展与人们旅游需求的转变引导度假区成为旅游产业转型升级的重要场所,而学术界对此过程中出现的土地利用冲突问题却缺少必要的学术跟进。该文基于可持续发展广泛认可的"生态-生产-生活"视角,解析了旅游度假区土地利用生态、生产与生活适宜性的内涵,构建了旅游度假区生态、生产与生活适宜性评价模型及潜在土地利用冲突识别与强度诊断经验模型,并选取武夷山国家旅游度假区进行实证分析。理论上,将潜在土地利用冲突类型区划分为无冲突区、轻度冲突区、中度冲突区、强烈冲突区、剧烈冲突区,并将冲突的控制级别分为稳定可控、基本可控、基本失控和严重失控4个层次。实证表明,武夷山国家旅游度假区生态、生产与生活适宜性用地的空间集聚特征与面积构成差异显著,暗示着区域土地利用存在着竞争与冲突。从潜在冲突识别的结果来看,不同类型冲突区的面积占比依次为17.76%、35.59%、22.37%、23.74%、0.55%。旅游度假区潜在土地利用冲突区的空间分布、表现形式及冲突程度的差异性决定了冲突治理策略也应有所区别,如可以因地制宜地采取空间管制、品质提升、功能显化等策略。

Identification and governance of potential land use conflicts in tourism resort based on ecological-production-living suitability

Abstract: With rapid development in economy in China the demand for tourism has been changed exerting pressure on tourism resorts to transform and upgrade. As tourism area bears the responsibility of sustaining social and economic development, its land use has to be diversified, leading to a potential land use conflicts. However, there is a paucity of study on that and we attempt to address this knowledge gap. Assuming that a tourism resort should at least have ecological function, productivity and suitability for living (ecological-production-living suitability), we proposed an empirical model to identify and diagnose potential land use conflicts in tourism resorts by taking Wuyishan National Tourism Resort as an example. The potential land use conflict in resort was divided into five zones with different conflicting levels: zone without conflict, zone with mild conflict zone, zone with moderate conflict, zone with intense conflict, and zone with severe conflict. The conflict was divided into four levels: stable and controllable, quite controllable, slightly out of control, uncontrollable. Preliminary studies showed that there were significant differences in ecological-production-living suitability of the land use in this region, revealing existence of competitions and conflicts in land use. The results showed that the areas with land use conflict ranging from controllable to uncontrollable accounted for 17.76%, 35.59%, 22.37%, 23.74% and 0.55% of the whole area. The stable and controllable zone was mainly in the western, southeastern and central regions, and areas in the high-end health resort area, pastoral health resort area and eco-recreational area. The quite controllable zone was mainly in the transition zone from human production areas to the life and ecological protection area, including the waterfront recreation area and eco-recreational areas. The basic out-of-control conflicts were mainly distributed in the intensive activities of human production and life, which had both constructive and destructive conflicts. The serious out-of-control conflicts were smaller in area but deeper in degree. The spatial distribution, expression and conflict degree of potential land use conflict areas determined the conflict governance strategies should also be different. For example, strategies such as spatial control, quality improvement, and functional manifestation could be adopted according to local conditions. The framework of identification and governance of potential land use conflicts in tourist resorts proposed in this paper can accurately reflect the actual pattern of land use conflicts and can provide reference for the land use planning and management in tourist resorts.