西北农村单体住宅太阳能主动采暖效果试验

西北农村以煤炭为主的传统采暖方式能源利用率低、室内热舒适度差。为了利用丰富的太阳能满足西北农村单体建筑的热舒适度,以西北农村2座117 m2的单体建筑为研究对象,将一座单体建筑进行保温改造后,将其采暖方式先后改造成了太阳能驱动的强制循环散热器采暖和太阳能驱动的强制循环低温地板采暖,并在2个采暖季与传统煤炭燃烧驱动的自然循环散热器采暖相比较,试验研究了3种不同采暖方式的供能稳定性、室内舒适度和热经济性,研究结果表明:太阳能低温地板采暖效果最好,在环境最低气温?10℃时,室内平均温度能达到14℃,太阳能保证率为60.3%,二氧化碳减排量为6.22 t,静态投资回收期3.34 a,具有良好的经济环保效益。

Experiment on active solar heating effect for monomer building in northwest region

In the area of northwest China, the coal is the main fuel for heating, and the way for heating in rural area is traditional and backward, which has low energy efficiency and poor indoor thermal comfort. To make a good use of abundant solar energy to meet the requirement of indoor thermal comfort of monomer building in the rural area of northwest China, 2 monomer buildings are taken as the research objects, which are located at Zhangma Village, Minqin County, Gansu Province, and the area of each building is 117 m2. One of them is regarded as the experimental building with the external wall insulation transformation, and the other is regarded as the reference building. The experimental building uses solar powered radiator heating system and solar powered low temperature floor heating system in 2 heating seasons respectively, and both of the 2 systems are driven by a forced circulation. The solar collecting system consists of 6 evacuated tubular solar collectors; the collectors are connected in series, and each one is made up of 40 vaccum tubes. The reference building uses coal-fired boiler powered radiator heating system which is driven by a natural circulation. The stability of energy supply, the indoor thermal comfort and the thermal economic performance are studied by testing for 3 kinds of heating methods. The test has been done from December 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015, and from December 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016. The following parameters are measured: solar radiation on the collection face of solar collectors, hot water temperature in solar collector, indoor temperature and relative humidity, inlet and outlet temperature of heat pipe, ambient temperature, and flow rate of circulating water, which are recorded by the computer automatically. The experiment results indicate that the low-temperature solar floor heating is the best. Firstly, after the floor heating system takes place of the radiator heating, the number of the days with using the solar heating is significantly increased, the number of the days with using the coal-fired boiler is significantly reduced. It shows that the system has a good ability for resisting disturbance from its surroundings, and it is obvious that the stability of energy supply has been improved. Secondly, when the minimum ambient temperature is-10℃, the indoor average temperature of experimental building can achieve 14℃, the indoor relative humidity of floor heating is maintained at 51%-60%, while the indoor relative humidity of radiator heating is maintained at 47%-65%. Compared with the radiator heating, the indoor temperature and relative humidity of floor heating are more stable and have smaller fluctuations, so it has better thermal comfort. Finally, the daily average heat-collecting efficiency of solar collector is related to the average daily temperature difference between hot water and ambient air. After taking place of the radiator, the average daily temperature difference of hot water and ambient air is reduced, so the daily average heat-collecting efficiency is improved. In the second heating season, the solar fraction increases from 30.8% to 60.3%, the quality of the saved coal is 2372.4 kg, and the reduction of CO2 emissions is 6.22 t, which show that the solar floor heating has a better energy-saving property; it is also an environment-friendly heating method, and the payback period is about 3.34 years. So this system can basically satisfy the continuous and stable heating demand in winter for the monomer building, which has a broad application prospect and will be worth popularizing in the northwest regions.