GIS支持下的区域水土资源优化配置研究

水土资源供需之间的矛盾日趋尖锐，而水资源作为土地农业利用的瓶颈因素，决定着区域的土地利用方向，因而有必要将水土资源结合起来进行优化配置研究。以河北省怀来县为例，应用GIS技术获取水土资源优化配置研究的基础资料；在对怀来县水土资源利用特点与存在问题分析的基础上，以区域生态环境建设和资源利用效益最佳为目标，选择粮食作物、 其它作物、林地、灌木林地、 疏林地、 其它林地、 低覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地和高覆盖度草地9种土地利用类型作为决策变量，利用灰色线性规划模型，分别针对沙源地基本受到控制、沙源地受到控制和沙源地受到控制且作物类型结构较合理3种状态，在常规用水、单位面积节水10％和单位面积节水20％等3种假设条件下，对水土资源进行优化配置，获得水土资源优化利用方案；最后应用GIS空间分析与管理软件将土地利用优化方案落实到空间地块单元上。

Optimum allocation of regional land and water resources based on GIS

The contradiction between supply and demand both on water and land resources are becoming more and more incisive, wherein water resource is the key factor, which can decide trajectory and direction, to local land use. Therefore, to integrate water resources and land resources to more appropriate utilization and suitable allocation has scientific and practical depth. In this study, Huailai County in Hebei Province is selected as the study case. Geographical information system (GIS) technology is used for data base formulation on appropriate utilization on water and land resources. Based on the analysis on characteristics as well as problems encountered for the study region, the fundamental objective is how to allocate and utilize water and land resources rationally, so as to eco-environment recover and maximum efficiency on resource utilization. Cereal crops, other crops, woodlands, shrubbery woodlands, sparse woodlands, other woodlands, low-density grassland, medium density grassland and high-density grassland, altogether nine land use types are selected to perform grey linear planning approaches. Three research scenarios are defined, which are somewhat controlling on sand source expansion, absolutely controlling on sand source expansion and the last one, absolutely controlling on sand source expansion as well as appropriate structure on crop types. Under the research hypothesis of normal water utilization, ten percent on water-saving and twenty percent on water saving, above nine land use types and methods are performed under these hypothesis to optimize land and water resources usage both on quantitative and spatial perspectives. Strategy and scheme on optimized utilization on water and land resources in the study region are achieved through above process and methods. Aided by GIS functions on spatial analysis and management, such schemes can be spatially performed to land use units.