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近30年中国主要耕地后备资源的时空变化
引用本文:易 玲,张增祥,汪 潇,刘 斌,左丽君,赵晓丽,王 洁.近30年中国主要耕地后备资源的时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):1-12.
作者姓名:易 玲  张增祥  汪 潇  刘 斌  左丽君  赵晓丽  王 洁
作者单位:中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京 100101
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(No.2010CB95090102)项目
摘    要:为了增强对中国耕地后备资源变化的理解,以便更好的利用和管理中国有限的土地资源,提高生态保育水平,确保区域生态安全,文中采用LandsatTM、CBERS、HJ1、"北京一号"等遥感影像数据(包括1980s末、1995年、2000年、2005年、2008年和2010年共6期)分析未利用土地的时空演变,运用土地利用动态度模型、分布密度模型、未利用土地变化强度指数模型、重心模型和转移矩阵等数学方法分析未利用土地的时空演变格局。基于这些数学模型的计算结果,揭示出中国未利用土地近30a来的演变特征:1)中国未利用土地总量持续减少,共净减少了11545.14km2,且在除了1995-2000年的其余4个监测时段均为净减少,但减少量趋缓。2)中国未利用土地的动态度总体表现为先增大后减小,在2005-2008年达到峰值0.06%后逐渐减小。3)中国未利用土地变化也表现出明显的空间异质性,净减少最多的省份是黑龙江省,共净减少了4469.08km2,其次为新疆维吾尔自治区净减少了3725.93km2;净增加最多的是内蒙古地区,共净增加了2942.44km2。同时未利用土地变化强度指数也呈差异性分布,黑龙江省和山东省总体处于高度减少区,甘肃、宁夏和吉林省总体处于中度减少区,内蒙古地区总体处于中度增加区。4)未利用土地与耕地、草地、水域间的相互转化较为剧烈。未利用土地减少去向主要以草地生态恢复、耕地开垦、水域面积扩展等占用为主,同时伴随着因草地退化、耕地撂荒退化和水域干枯水面缩减后成为未利用土地的状况。5)作为中国主要的耕地后备资源,从20世纪80年代末至2010年,未利用土地开垦为耕地的重心已经由东北的黑龙江省向西北的新疆维吾尔自治区、甘肃省和山东省的黄河三角洲地区转移。近30a来中国的未利用土地格局发生了如此剧烈的变化,有的变化有助于改善区域生态环境,而有的变化确加剧了当地脆弱的生态环境,因此对于未利用土地的开发和利用,应该因地制宜,实行先评价再利用和保护的策略。

关 键 词:土地利用  遥感  数学模型  未利用土地  时空演变  耕地后备资源
收稿时间:2012/8/21 0:00:00
修稿时间:3/4/2013 12:00:00 AM

Spatial-temporal change of major reserve resources of cultivated land in China in recent 30 years
Yi Ling,Zhang Zengxiang,Wang Xiao,Liu Bin,Zuo Lijun,Zhao Xiaoli and Wang Jie.Spatial-temporal change of major reserve resources of cultivated land in China in recent 30 years[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(6):1-12.
Authors:Yi Ling  Zhang Zengxiang  Wang Xiao  Liu Bin  Zuo Lijun  Zhao Xiaoli and Wang Jie
Institution:(Institute of Remote Sensing Applications,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
Abstract:Abstract: Unused land, which is the major reserve resources of cultivated land in China, has changed rapidly over the past 30 years. Unused land is often used to supplement the cropland, is the largest variable of land utilization structural adjustment, and also is a kind of effective buffer space for rationally utilizing land resources during the process of ecological construction. In this paper, unused land pattern changes in China were analyzed based on the scale of 1:100,000 national land use database that represents the land use in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008 and 2010, and which was built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All data of land use was acquired by experts' interpretation from images, including Landsat TM, CBERS, HJ1, and Beijing-1. The unused land referred to in this paper means the still unused land, including those lands which are difficult to use. It includes sand land, Gobi desert, saline soil, marsh land, bare land, bare rock boulder, and other (includes alpine desert, tundra, etc). The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the major reserve resources change in order to assist the sustainable utilization and management of land resources in China. The mathematical methodology was developed for studying spatial pattern changes of unused land, which includes the dynamic degree index model of unused land, the spatial density model, the change intensity model of unused land, the gravity center model, and the land-use conversion matrix. Based on these models, the spatial-temporal process of unused land was calculated and analyzed, and the conclusions reached are as follows: 1) The total unused land area in China continues to decrease, but the reduced amount is trending slower. The areas of unused land all decreased during four consecutive time intervals except 1995 to 2000. 2) The dynamic degrees of unused land increased from 0.01 % in the period of the 1980s-2000, to 0.05% in 2008-2010, and reached its zenith in the 2005-2008. 3) The unused land changes in China showed strong spatial heterogeneity. Heilongjiang province incurred the greatest net decrease of unused land area among the 32 provinces in China during the entire study period, followed by Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous. Meanwhile, the unused land area in Heilongjiang province continued to decrease during the five monitoring stages, with its reduction values and its dynamic degree both reducing year by year. Inner Mongolia reveals the largest net increase of unused land area during the study period. In the first three stages before 2005, its unused land area net increased and then net decreased, leaving it with an overall net increase. 4) The dynamic change of unused land mainly embodied the acute mutual conversion between the unused land and the farmland, the grassland and the water bodies. The main reasons of unused land area decrease are grassland ecological restoration, reclamation of cropland, water area expansion, and increase in unused land mainly came from grassland degradation and farmland abandonment. Meanwhile, this mutual conversion showed different features in different monitoring stages. 5) The center of gravity of unused land in China was located in Gansu province during the study stage, but has shifted gradually to northwestward 10?25? and moved 168.57 km. 6) As the major reserve resources of cultivated land in China, the focus of cropland reclamation occupying the unused land areas has shifted from Heilongjiang province in the Northeast to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, Gansu province in the Northwest, and Shandong province. In the most recent 30 years, the spatial pattern of unused land in China has dramatically changed. Some helped to improve the regional eco-environment quality, and some played a role reversely. So we should develop and utilize unused land according to local conditions, such as first evaluation, and then utilization or protection.
Keywords:land use  remote sensing  mathematical models  unused land  spatial-temporal process  reserve resources of cultivated land
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