水稻秸秆和淀粉基全降解装饰板的制备

基于环保和利用农业废弃物,该文采用热压成型方法制备水稻秸秆和淀粉全降解装饰材料,研究了碱处理、酸处理及热水处理对水稻秸秆纤维特性的影响,分析了水稻秸秆处理方法和淀粉胶粘剂含量对装饰材料物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:水稻秸秆的表面处理能不同程度改变其表面性能或去除硅质等化学成分,改善水稻秸秆纤维浸润性,热水处理和碱处理效果较优。经热水处理水稻秸秆及淀粉胶粘剂质量分数为10%时制备的装饰材料综合力学性能较高。装饰材料2h吸水厚度膨胀率较大,防水性能较差,但其具有一定的防湿性且环境友好,可作为室内等干燥环境下非承重装饰材料。

Preparation of rice straw and starch-based biodegradable decorative materials

Based on environmental protection and use of agricultural residues, rice straw/starch composites were manufactured using molding method. The influences of pretreatment on rice straw fiber characteristics and physical-mechanical properties of decorative materials were studied. Results showed that pretreatment could change straw fiber surface properties or remove its chemical composition partly, and improve fiber wettability. Mechanical properties were the best with straw decorative materials treated by hot-water and adhesives content at 10%. The decorative materials after 2 h had great thickness swelling and poor waterproof, but considerable moisture proof and environment-friendly properties, and such materials could be used for indoor decorative materials.