旱地施有机肥对土壤水分和玉米经济效益影响

为了探明不同有机肥施用量对渭北旱塬土壤水分及玉米经济效益的影响,于2007-2010年在渭北旱塬进行了3个水平的有机肥施用量(7500、15000和22500kg/hm2)配施等量化肥试验,以单施化肥为对照(CK)。结果表明,施肥第4年(2010年),有机肥处理可显著提高大喇叭口期土壤贮水量11.49%～21.63%;高量有机肥处理比低量有机肥处理可显著提高大喇叭口期土壤贮水量9.09%。高量有机肥处理200cm土层平均贮水量比对照高4.79%～7.65%(差异显著)。中量有机肥处理施肥第4年可显著提高200cm土层平均贮水量6.50%。施有机肥能显著增加玉米水分利用效率12.37%～37.55%。高、中量有机肥处理的水分利用效率较低量有机肥处理有显著增加。随有机肥施用年限延长,土壤状况不再是影响作物水分利用效率提高的主要因子。该研究表明,中量有机肥处理蓄水保墒增收效应明显。

Effects of organic fertilizer application on soil moisture and economic returns of maize in dryland farming

A field experiment (2007–2010) was conducted at Weibei Dryland to determine the effects of different organic fertilizer rates on soil moisture and economic returns of maize (Zea mays L.). Organic fertilizer at rates of 0 (CK ), 7500, 15 000 and 22 500 kg·hm-2 combined with the same rate of chemical fertilizer was applied into field plots. The results showed that manure treatments significantly increased soil moisture storage by 11.49%-21.63% compared with CK; high rate of manure treatment increased soil moisture storage by 9.09% than low rate of manure treatment during maize big trumpet period in the fourth year of fertilization(2010). High rate of manure treatment significantly increased the average soil moisture storage in 200 cm soil layer by 4.79%-7.65% compared with control. Medium rate of manure treatment had significantly higher average soil moisture storage in 200 cm soil layer by 6.50% than control in the fourth year of fertilization. Manure treatments significantly increased water use efficiency by12.37%-37.55% compared with control. High and medium rates of manure treatments significantly increased water use efficiency in contrast with low rate of manure treatment. Soil conditions were no longer the major limiting factors for increasing water use efficiency with the manure application years increased. It is suggested that medium rate of manure treatment had an obvious effect on conserving moisture and increasing income of maize.