施肥对冬小麦的水分调亏灌溉效应的影响

为了研究冬小麦在不同施肥条件下的调亏灌溉效应,通过小区试验设置了不施肥(F0)、单施复合肥(F1)和复合肥+有机肥配施(F2)三种施肥处理,并在返青-拔节期对冬小麦进行了适当的水分亏缺处理。结果表明,与F0和F1处理相比,F2处理的小麦,在水分亏缺期间光合速率没有受到显著影响,但复水后光合速率表现超补偿效应。到花期时,F2处理的调亏灌溉下小麦的叶面积、株高、每茎干质量和成穗数与未调亏灌溉时没有显著差别。抽穗后,在充分供水条件下,返青-拔节期水分亏缺对F2处理小麦的产量没有显著影响,但对F0和F1处理小麦的产量有显著负效应;在自然干旱条件下,水分亏缺对F2处理小麦的产量有显著的正效应。F2处理下,小麦的稳产性显著高于F0和F1处理。可见,在3种施肥处理条件下,复合肥与有机肥配施处理时冬小麦的调亏灌溉效应最好。

Regulated deficit irrigation effect of winter wheat under different fertilization treatments

A plot experiment was conducted to explore regulated deficit irrigation effects of winter wheat under different fertilization treatments: no fertilizer (F0), compound fertilizer (F1) and fertilizer + compound fertilizer (F2), and with appropriate water deficit treatment at the returning green-jointing stage. The results showed that water deficit at the returning green-jointing stage had no significant effect on photosynthesis of winter wheat under F2 condition, F2 had super-compensation effect in photosynthesis after re-watering, compared to F0 and F1 treatments. At anthesis stage, there were no significant differences on leaf area, plant height, dry matter mass per shoot and spike number between regulated deficit irrigation and well-watered wheat under F2 condition. Under well-water condition after heading stage, water deficit treatment at returning green-jointing stage had no significant effect on grain yield of wheat with F2, but significantly reduced grain yields of wheat under F0 and F1 conditions; under the progressive soil dying condition after heading, water deficit treatment at returning green-jointing improved grain yield of wheat under F2 condition, and yield stability of regulated deficit irrigation wheat with F2 was higher than those with F0 and F1. It is suggested that the fertilizer + compound fertilizer treatment has optimal regulated deficit irrigation effect for winter wheat.