“哈长城市群”农业空间网络结构及要素优化配置

农业空间是包含固定物理载体与可流动生产要素在内的复杂地域系统，掌握其中流动要素在地域间的传导、辐射能力，使之与耕地要素达到适配状态，是实现全要素提质增效、促进农业现代化发展的关键。该研究针对东北农业现代化发展滞后、基础要素错配等问题，尝试依托“哈长城市群”发展体系，采用修正引力模型与社会网络分析，探究农业空间流动要素的网络结构，并通过耦合协调度模型分析其中心性与耕地要素间的配置关系，优化发展布局。研究表明：1）哈长城市群农业空间流动要素的网络层级特征明显，中部地区具备较高的控制力及连通性。其中长春网络中心地位明显，是资源要素跨区域流动与调配的枢纽；但作为区域农业发展规划的另一核心，哈尔滨在劳动力、政策制度及资本投入网络中的影响力有待提升。2）耕地质量与耕地规模均呈现东低西高的分布特征，而耕地可持续利用水平较高的地级市主要位于中部地区。3）城市群中长春、四平、松原的流动要素中心性与耕地要素适配良好，可作为核心区先后引导东向与北向产业辐射逐渐改善农业空间内要素配置状况，形成“两区两轴”的现代农业发展格局。研究结果丰富了区域农业空间要素优化配置理论，为通过产业规划手段提升东北农业现代化水平提...

Analysis of agricultural space network and optimized allocation of factors in Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration

Abstract: Agricultural space is one of the most complex territorial systems with a fixed physical carrier (i.e. farmland) and the mobile factors of production. These mobile factors can be transmitted and radiated between different units during spatial planning. As such, the total-factor productivity of the indigenous farmland can be facilitated by the modernization of agriculture. Previous studies have demonstrated that the modernization process of agriculture in northeast China is later than elsewhere, due mainly to the server mismatch of basic factors in agricultural production. Taking the Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration (HCUA) as a representative region, this study aims to conduct the network analysis of the key factors with the agricultural space and allocation optimization. Modified gravity model and social network analysis were adopted to identify the distributional structure of mobile factors in each prefectural unit, including the labor forces, capital investments, agricultural techniques, and managing policies. In addition, the farmland factor was represented by the scale, quality, and indexes, indicating the sustainable level of farmland use in each unit. A coupling coordination analysis was eventually introduced to measure whether these mobile factors were adapted to the farmland factor, and if not, some suggestions were made to reallocate these factors, in order to narrow down the gaps between these two systems. The results indicated that: 1) There was a prominent hierarchical network of mobile factors between the agricultural space of the prefectural units in HCUA, in which the central area was provided with the higher control and connectivity of factors. Moreover, Changchun City was identified as a pivot point to reallocate these mobile factors of production. Even though Harbin City was assumed as another pivot in most regional agricultural planning, the centrality in the entire network still needed to be promoted, especially for the labor forces, capital investments, and managing policies. 2) Both the scale and quality of farmlands were low in the eastern areas, while much higher in the western areas. But the units with the higher sustainable level of farmland use were concentrated in the central area, where the indexes were all higher than 0.65 in the Changchun, Siping, and Daqing. 3) A better performance of the indigenous farmland factor was achieved in the centrality of mobile factors in Changchun, Siping, and Songyuan. The core then served as the mobile factors eastward. Therefore, the other pivot-Harbin was activated first to optimize the factor allocation in HCUA. Then, the double-pivot system was developed to exert some influences northward, particularly for the places with abundant and fertile farmlands but deficient factors of production, such as Suihua, Daqing, and Qiqihar. Unfortunately, the hilly areas including Mudanjiang and Yanbian were found to be almost excluded from the network, and also difficult to be affected by the spillover effect. The characteristic agriculture can be expected for the highlights of the other services, except for the supplying services of agroecosystems. This finding can enrich the allocating factors of production in the agricultural space within a given region. Some statistics can also be used to promote the modernization of agriculture under industrial planning in northeast China.