鸡舍排出空气过滤清洗装置设计与试验

为降低鸡舍排风对场区环境和生物安全的影响，规模化鸡场开始普遍采用在鸡舍排风机外侧设置过滤网的方式拦截羽毛和过滤粉尘。羽毛和粉尘在过滤网积聚易导致鸡舍通风效率降低，因此需要定期进行人工清洗，既费工费时又危害清洗人员呼吸道健康。为实现鸡舍排出空气的自动化高效净化，该研究设计了一种由过滤机构、清洗机构、驱动机构和控制机构组成的鸡舍排出空气过滤清洗装置，并进行了试验验证和运行能耗及成本核算。根据鸡舍排风污染物特性和过滤清洗需求，确定了过滤网材质及孔径、冲洗杆喷头选型及布置方式，以及驱动小车电机选型和车轮直径等关键参数，编写了装置运行控制程序。该装置通过自走式小车沿导轨往返运动驱动连接在过滤网内外侧竖直布置的冲洗杆和收集槽同步运动，冲洗杆采用喷水反向冲洗的方式，将过滤网内侧积聚的羽毛和粉尘冲洗至收集槽中，再排放至鸡场废水收集系统，从而实现过滤网的定期自动清洗功能，保证过滤效果的同时减少人力投入。试验验证结果表明，该装置运行可靠、控制简单，能够过滤拦截收集鸡舍排出空气中的羽毛，对鸡舍排出空气中粉尘的去除率可达到55.0%；运行能耗及成本核算结果表明，装置耗水量为2.17 L/(次·m^2<...

Design and experiment of the filtration and cleaning device for air emitted from poultry house

Abstract: Large-scale poultry houses can often emit the large amounts of dust and feathers via the exhaust fans, leading to the environmental pollution and potential biosafety. The air filter net can usually set outside the exhaust fans to intercept the feathers and filter dust, in order to reduce the impact of exhaust air on the environment and biosafety of the field. But, the accumulation of feathers and dust on the filter net can be reduced the ventilation efficiency of the poultry house after a period of use. The manual cleaning regularly is then time-consuming and harmful to the respiratory tract health of the cleaning personnel. In this study, a filtration and cleaning device was designed to realize the automatic and efficient purification of air that emitted from the large-scale poultry houses using validation tests, operation energy consumption, and cost calculation. The developed device mainly included four parts: filtering, cleaning, driving, and control mechanism. According to the characteristics of the exhaust pollutants in the poultry house and the industrial requirements of filtering/cleaning, the key parameters were optimized, such as the material and aperture of the filter net, the nozzle arrangement of the flush rod, the motor of the self-propelled trolley, and the diameter of the wheel. Besides, the operation control program of the device was written. The air in the poultry house was firstly discharged by the end fans, and then entered the dust removal room. The feathers and dust were intercepted by the filter net, and then adhered to the inner surface of the filter net, when the discharged air passing through the filtering mechanism. Part of the airflow was changed to the vertical direction after encountering the filtering mechanism. Specifically, the pollutants (such as feathers and dust) hit the top of the dust removal room and fell back again. Meanwhile, the self-propelled trolley was moved back and forth along the guide rail after the device running. The vertical flush rod and collecting trough were connected with the trolley, and then arranged on the outside and inside of the filter net. Once the device was cleaned the filter net, the flush rod was reversely sprayed the water to wash the filter net, while the collection trough was gathered the cleaning wastewater and dust at the same time. Wastewater was then discharged to the poultry farm wastewater collection system for the centralized treatment in the farm. A regular automatic cleaning of the filter net can be expected to ensure the filtering effect with the less manpower input. The validation test indicated that the device was reliable easy to control. Correspondingly, the improved device can realize to filter, intercept, and collect the feathers from the air that emitted from the poultry house. The removal rate of dust reached 55.0% in the air that emitted from the large-scale poultry houses. Operation energy consumption and cost accounting showed that the water consumption, the power consumption, and operation cost were 2.17 L/m2, 0.0017 kW·h/m2, and 0.0206 Yuan/m2 in a single operation, indicating a clear economic cost of the filtration and cleaning device. The finding can provide a significant reference to develop the air purification techniques for the air emitted from the poultry houses in engineering applications.