纳米SiO2/氨基淀粉黏合剂秸秆炭的结构及除磷特性

将秸秆粉用氨基淀粉黏合剂均相包覆,并掺杂纳米二氧化硅(nano SiO_2),采用原位发泡、炭化处理技术制备成纳米SiO_2/氨基淀粉黏合剂秸秆炭(掺杂纳米SiO_2秸秆多孔颗粒炭,nano SiO_2/AR-biochar)。通过透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、热稳定性(thermogravimetry,TG)、扫描电镜-能谱扫描(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer,SEM-EDS)、比表面积与孔分析(Brunauer,Emmett and Teller,BET)、氮气吸附和压缩测试等技术手段对nano SiO_2/AR-biochar的孔结构特征、比表面积、微观形貌及压应力进行系统表征,并研究了nano SiO_2/AR-biochar对磷酸根吸附过程等温线及动力学模型。结果表明,掺杂nano SiO_2/AR-biochar孔结构分布匀称、比表面积大幅改善;TEM和SEM发现,掺杂nano SiO_2秸秆多孔颗粒炭材料的表面可形成类似海绵絮状结构,为炭材料提供较高的吸附位点;掺杂nano SiO_2可显著提高炭材料的机械压缩性能,当掺杂量为秸秆粉质量的6%时,压缩强度由3.89 MPa增加到7.96 MPa,增幅达104.6%。由于纳米SiO_2的掺杂,nano SiO_2/AR-biochar具有了更强除磷效果,且吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,在短时间内(5 min)其吸附率可高达18.42 mg/g,体现了该掺杂纳米二氧化硅秸秆多孔颗粒炭具有良好的除磷特性。

Structure of straw biochar/amino resin doping nanoSiO2 and its phosphorus removal characteristic

Phosphorus is one of the key nutrients that cause eutrophication of water bodies, and excessive phosphorus in water will cause water ecosystem structure and function change, deterioration of water quality and landscape, and biodiversity decrease. Therefore, preventive measure of phosphorus pollution in the aquatic environment and processing must be paid more attention. The processing methods of phosphorous water include biological phosphorus removal technology, chemical precipitation, adsorption, and so on. Adsorption technology is efficient and cheap, and has a good removal effect, which has come into notice of researchers. So far, some studies have been conducted on preparation of straw biochar for removal of phosphate radical from aqueous solutions. In this study, a porous nano biochar composite (nanoSiO2/AR-biochar) was prepared by nanoSiO2 doping, which was homogeneously cladded using amino starch resin, and kneading molding, then foaming coking technology were adopted in situ preparation as well as the carbonizing treatment. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscope (SEM), specific surface area analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal and compression were used to characterize the pore structure, thermal stability, microstructure and compression performance of nanoSiO2/AR-biochar. Phosphate adsorption process of nanoSiO2/AR-biochar was studied by means of isothermal and adsorption kinetics. Results showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and micropore volume of nanoSiO2/AR-biochars increased monotonously. The nanoSiO2/AR-biochars prepared at 550℃ possessed the maximum single point adsorption total pore volume (0.1775 cm3/g), and the pore diameter of the ultramicropores was mainly in the range from 1 to 50 nm. The t-plot micropore area, and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area of this kind of nanoSiO2/AR-biochar were 302.86 and 352.70 m2/g, respectively, when the doping amount of nanoSiO2 was 6% of straw powder quality. SEM and TEM analysis showed that the surface of the porous granular biochar materials doped nanoSiO2could form the similar sponge flocculent structure, which could provide more adsorption sites for removal of phosphate ions. More it was worth mentioning that the compressive strength of nanoSiO2/AR-biochars was increasing from 3.89 to 7.96 MPa, a growth of 104.6%, which could solve the problems such as short service life, difficulty in recycle and dust pollution of traditional biochar. Adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of the nanoSiO2/AR-biochar could be as high as 18.42 mg/g (within 5 min), higher than straw biochar, of which the process could be described with Ho's pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The result of the adsorption process of phosphate radical conformed to the pseudo-second-order dynamic model, which assumes that the adsorption process conforms to the chemical adsorption. The process after the rapid adsorption accorded with the chemical adsorption assumption, and the initial phase was mainly described by physical adsorption. Compared to the traditional straw biochar material, it has lots of advantages such as high adsorption capacity, high compressive strength, recycling, and environmental friendliness. What was more, according to the design in the work, there would be an excellent market prospect of nanoSiO2/AR-biochar. In a conclusion, the nanoSiO2/AR-biochar has the potential to replace the straw biochar for purifying the polluted water. These results will provide a feasible treatment approach and theoretical foundation to reaserch biochar materials on effectively removing phosphorus from eutrophication waters.