华北平原灌溉用水强度与地下水承载力适应性状况

针对华北平原农灌区地下水严重超采问题,基于近30a以来降水、水资源和农林灌溉状况的变化过程和现状,应用地学模数理念、均衡理论和MapGIS技术,建立了适应性状况评价指标体系与方法,以0.49km2精度识别了华北平原农林灌溉用水强度与当地地下水可采资源量之间适应性状况。研究结果表明,华北平原中部的大部分地区农林灌溉用水强度处于"严重不适应"状态,河北平原大部分地下水超采区农林灌溉用水强处于"极严重不适应"状态,其中小麦等夏粮作物灌溉用水强度占50%以上,蔬菜作物和耗水型果林灌溉用水强度所占比率呈显著增加趋势,应避免非理性持续大幅增加。

Adaptation between irrigation intensity and groundwater carrying capacity in North China Plain

Abstract: According to the problems of the water resources shortage and the serious overexploitation of the groundwater for the agricultural irrigation in the North China Plain, the evaluation index system and the evaluation method for the adaptability between agricultural irrigation and groundwater carrying capacity were established. Taken the irrigation use water situation of the wheat crops, the corn crops, the vegetable crop and the consumption fruit trees as the main research object, the earth science module concept, equilibrium theory and MapGIS technology were used. The precipitation, water resources and agricultural irrigation situation since 1978 obtained were obtained by field investigation, collection and analysis. Evaluation results in the resolution of 0.49 square kilometers can identify adaptation of the water use intensity for agricultural irrigation and the carrying capacity of groundwater resources. Research results show that the most of the middle of the North China Plain are in agricultural irrigation water intensity state of "very serious incommensurate"; the piedmont plain of northwest, southwest near the Yellow River area in "balanced" or "general does not adapt"; the main agricultural production area of the Hebei plain in "extremely serious incommensurate", where is in the overdraft situation of the groundwater. The irrigation intensity of the wheat and other grain crops in the summer occupies 50% of the annual irrigation water use or more, the irrigation intensity ratio of the corn and other grain crops in the autumn accounted for from 10% to 30% and the irrigation intensity ratio of the vegetable crops and the fruit trees were significantly increased. In the groundwater overdraft area, irrigation intensity is over 20%. Therefore, water-saving measures should be taken to avoid continuous increase of water use for the vegetable crop planting.