土地整治对平原区及丘陵区田块利用的影响

土地整治中各类工程措施的实施,会对土地整治区域中田块的利用产生影响,量化评估土地整治对田块利用产生的影响,不仅可以完善土地整治的理论,而且能为土地整治项目规划设计方案的优化提供依据。该文将土地整治对田块利用的影响归纳为对田块规模、田块形状、田块空间特征和田块耕作效率影响4个方面,选择湖北省监利县毛市镇联盟土地整治项目与湖北省老河口市洪山咀办事处兰家岗村低丘岗地土地整治项目作为平原区项目和丘陵区项目的典型代表,量化评估了2个项目区土地整治对田块利用产生的影响,并对其进行了比较分析。研究结果表明在平原区项目和丘陵区项目中,土地整治对田块利用的影响表现出极强的相似性,综合表现为:1)田块的规模被扩大,小规模的田块并合并,田块的规模变得相对均匀;2)田块的外形被分割的更加规整,田块几何形状的相似性增强,人类对土地的干扰程度增加;3)整治区域中的田块由整治前的许多离散小田块的组合方式转变成整治后由少数大田块高度连接的组合方式,田块在分布上趋于集中;4)田块耕作的效率提高,二者平均耕作时间分别由整治前的57、62min/hm2减少到整治后的45和48min/hm2。同时,在平原区项目和丘陵区项目中,土地整治对田块规模、田块外形、田块空间分布特征和田块耕作效率影响的幅度上存差异,丘陵区项目在田块规模、田块破碎度、田块密度以及耕作时间的变化幅度上要大于平原区项目,这主要是由于地貌类型和区域本底条件的不同引起的。

Effects of land consolidation in plains and hills on plots use

Abstract: The implementation of various engineering measures have an impact on plots in the land consolidation areas. Quantitative assessment of the effect of land consolidation on plots not only can improve the land consolidation theory, but also can provide a basis for the optimization of planning design for land consolidation projects. In this paper, land consolidation affected plots are examined from four aspects, including plot scale, plot shape, plot space and plot farming efficiency. We selected a land consolidation project in Maoshi Town of Jianli County in Hubei Province, and a land consolidation project for a low hill area in Lanjiagang Village in Laohe City of Hubei Province as typical representatives of plain and hill land consolidation projects, respectively. Quantitative assessment of the effect of land consolidation in the two areas on plots, and comparison analysis was conducted. The results showed that the land consolidation had similar effects on plots in the two project regions. The results indicated as follows: (1) The plot size was expanded, the small-scale plots merged, and the plots were relatively uniform after consolidation. The average plot size in the plain land consolidation project increased from 5.82 to 7.28 hm2, and that in the hill land consolidation project increased from 2.75 to 5.13 hm2. (2) The shape of the plots were more regular through division, the geometry similarities of plots were enhanced, and the interference of human on the land increased after consolidation. The plot shape index in the plain land consolidation project decreased from 1.2381 to 1.1924, and that in the hill land consolidation project decreased from 1.4519 to 1.4496. The fractal dimension in the plain land consolidation project decreased from 1.0568 to 1.0479, and that in the hill land consolidation project decreased from 1.0572 to 1.0567. (3) The plots transformed from discrete small plots with a high number before consolidation into highly-connected large plots with a low number after consolidation increased, and the plots tended to concentrate distribution. (4) The plot farming efficiency increased after consolidation. The average farming time in the plain land consolidation project decreased from 57 to 45 min/hm2, and that in the plain land consolidation project decreased from 62 to 48 min/hm2.