碳酸盐及其组分测定方法在行业特定体系中的研究进展

准确测定、预测工业生产、生命科学以及环境监测等行业特定体系中的碳酸盐及其组分在开发有价资源、阻垢防垢延长生产周期、表征动/植物生理特征以及探究自然界碳循环等方面均具有十分重要的意义。现有碳酸盐及其组分常规测定方法主要针对有条件限制的一般碳酸盐体系，由于未考虑不同行业特定体系的差异，往往会导致常规测定方法精度较低，难以达到不同行业应用要求。为了分析碳酸盐及其组分测定方法在行业特定体系中的发展潜力，该研究综述现有公开发表的论文，引入 NO₃^- 改进的阿廖金分类法，对行业特定体系类别进行界定；依据碳酸盐存在形式与碱度、 pH 值变化关系测定游离碳酸、 CO₃^2- 和 HCO₃^- 的原理，分行业梳理了特定体系中碳酸盐及其组分测定方法、适用范围及其与行业特定体系类别之间的关系并展望了发展方向。结果表明：当前不同行业特定体系的碳酸盐及其组分测定方法可划分为四大模式，包括：系统自动化并实现现场检测模式、化学滴定与仪器分析联用模式、新型离子选择电极研发模式以及引入新方法模式，不同行业特定体系可依据后续应用需求选择适合的模式。未来仍需开展如下工作：1）加快实现行业特定体系中碳酸盐及其组分测定方法的标准化；2）补充完善各类行业特定体系中总碱度的表达式，弥补测定方法在各类行业发展中的不均衡；3）优化并创新化学滴定与仪器分析联用模式，结合自动化趋势，形成准确测定并拓宽方法适用范围的关键技术，实现各类行业特定体系间的联动；4）进一步探求新方法在准确测定的应用。研究可为开发新的行业特定体系中碳酸盐及其组分准确测定方法技术提供参考。

Research progress in carbonate and its component determination methods in industry-specific systems

Accurate determination and prediction of carbonate and its components are of great significance in industry-specific systems, such as industrial production, life sciences, and environmental monitoring in the development of valuable resources, scale inhibition and prevention, extension of the production cycle, characterization of animal/plant physiological characteristics, and exploration of the natural carbon cycle. However, the conventional measurements cannot fully meet the application requirements of different industries, due to the low accuracy in the general carbonate systems with the limited conditions, particularly without considering the differences of specific systems. It is still lacking in the accurate determination approaches with high adaptability, leading to restricting basic research and industrialization in the industry. This review aims to analyze the development potential of carbonate and its component determination in the industry-specific system. The NO₃^-improved Alerkin classification was also introduced to define the industry-specific system categories. The principle was determined the free carbonic acid, CO₃^2- and HCO₃^- using the relationship between the existing form of carbonate and the alkalinity, as well as the pH changes. A classification was then made on the determination methods of carbonate and its components in the specific systems, the scope of application and the relationship between carbonate and industry-specific system categories in industry. The future development direction was finally prospected in this case. The accuracy of determination depended mainly on the deep understanding of the principles, development status, and applicable systems of carbonate and its component determination methods. The current status of carbonate systems and component determination methods in industry-specific systems showed that the industrial production water system had entered the mode of on-site detection and automated monitoring of CO32- and HCO3- concentrations. Soft measurement methods were also used to predict the total alkalinity of boiler water. The combination mode of chemical titration and instrumental chemistry was established for the boron-rich carbonate salt-lake brine system, serum HCO3-, and seawater carbon dioxide carbonate system, indicating the greatly improved accuracy. Multiple ion selective electrodes were also developed suitable for the water quality system of oil and gas fields, the seawater carbon dioxide carbonate system. Laser Raman spectroscopy was introduced as well. The crop soil water and soil carbonate buffer system relied mostly on the indirect measurement of SIC content using dry combustion. Hyperspectral technology was introduced to quantitatively predict the soil inorganic carbon. Therefore, the current determination methods of carbonate and its component were divided into four modes in different industry-specific systems, including system automation and field detection, chemical titration and instrumental analysis, new ion selective electrode research and development, as well as the introduction of new method mode. The appropriate mode was selected in the different industry-specific systems, according to the subsequent application requirements. The following directions were still needed to be carried out in the future: 1) To accelerate the standardization of determination methods of carbonate and its components in industry-specific systems. 2) To supplement and improve the expression of the total alkalinity in various industry-specific systems, in order to balance the measurements in the development of various industries. 3) To optimize and innovate the combination mode of chemical titration and instrumental analysis. The trend of automation was also combined to form the key technology of accurate determination, and then to broaden the scope of application, and finally realize the linkage between various industry-specific systems. 4) The finding can also provide a strong reference for the accurate determination and technologies for the carbonate and the components in new industry-specific systems.