南方红壤坡地不同耕作措施的水土保持效应

为解决南方红壤地区坡耕地水土流失问题，采用野外标准径流小区试验方法对南方红壤坡地常见的顺坡间作、横坡间作、果园清耕3种不同耕作方式下5 a时间水土保持蓄水保土效应进行了研究。结果表明，与对照小区相比，各试验小区减流率优劣次序为：横坡间作小区（75.33%）＞顺坡间作小区（59.56%）＞果园清耕小区（21.73%），减沙效应优劣次序为横坡间作（80.57%）＞顺坡间作（65.11%）＞果园清耕（38.08%），且4－9月的径流量占到全年径流量的85%以上，流失泥沙量占全年流失泥沙量的90%以上。因此，套种作物增加果园覆盖是防治果园水土流失的有效措施，且横坡间作优于顺坡间作。

Effects of different tillage measures on soil and water conservation in slope farmland of red soil in Southern China

The aim of the experiment is providing reference for solving the problem of soil and water erosion inslope farmland of red soil in Southern China, according to the field standard runoff plot methods, the effects of tillage measures such as down-slope tillage, cross-slope tillage and weed clearing in garden on soil and water conservation were studied by using 5 years monitored data. The results showed that the order of the test plots from superior to inferior was cross-slope tillage plot which rate was 75.33 percent, down-slope tillage plot which rate was 59.56 percent, weed clearing plot which rate was 21.73 percent in reducing runoff, and cross-slope tillage plot which rate was 80.57 percent, down-slope tillage plot which rate was 65.11 percent, weed clearing plot which rate was 38.08 percent in reducing sediment loss. The runoff from April to September was more than 85 percent of the annual total runoff, and the sediment loss was more than 90% of the annual total sediment loss. Interplanting to increase field covering is an effective measure to prevent water loss and soil erosion, and cross-slope tillage is superior to down-slope tillage.