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不同灌溉制度对玉米根系生长及水分利用效率的影响
引用本文:张岁岐,周小平,慕自新,山 仑,刘小芳.不同灌溉制度对玉米根系生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):1-6.
作者姓名:张岁岐  周小平  慕自新  山 仑  刘小芳
作者单位:1. 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌,712100;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌,712100
2. 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌,712100
基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA100202);国家自然科学基金项目(30571127);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(2006-2008);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118604)
摘    要:为了探讨不同灌溉制度对玉米根系生长和水分利用效率的影响及基因型间差异,在大型活动防雨棚和棚外田间条件下,利用一组玉米遗传材料杂交种户单四号、父本803和母本天四进行了研究。结果发现玉米杂交种在根系生长、分布和水分利用效率上表现出显著的杂种优势。在充分灌溉条件下,玉米杂交种在浅层的根长密度大于亲本,但在水分亏缺条件下,玉米杂交种根长密度在整个剖面上都显著大于亲本;同一玉米基因型在不同的灌溉制度下根长密度在土壤剖面的分布也不同,拔节期不灌溉条件下玉米根系在深层土壤中的分布较充分灌溉条件下大,保证了玉米对深层土壤水分的充分吸收,而后期灌水延缓了表层根系生长的衰退,产生明显的补偿效应;拔节期干旱而抽雄期和灌浆期灌水显著提高了3种基因型玉米的水分利用效率。通过合理灌溉优化玉米根系分布特性以提高玉米吸水能力和水分利用效率,是节水栽培上的可行途径。

关 键 词:作物,灌溉,水分,干旱,根长密度,水分亏缺,水分利用效率,补偿效应
收稿时间:2009/1/22 0:00:00
修稿时间:2009/10/13 0:00:00

Effects of different irrigation patterns on root growth and water use efficiency of maize
Zhang Suiqi,Zhou Xiaoping,Mu Zixin,Shan Lun and Liu Xiaofang.Effects of different irrigation patterns on root growth and water use efficiency of maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(10):1-6.
Authors:Zhang Suiqi  Zhou Xiaoping  Mu Zixin  Shan Lun and Liu Xiaofang
Institution:Zhang Suiqi 1,2,Zhou Xiaoping 1,Mu Zixin 1,Shan Lun 1,Liu Xiaofang 1,2 (1.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau,Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry,Yangling 712100,China,2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China)
Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation patterns on root growth and water use efficiency of maize and the differences among genotypes, the field and rain-out shelter experiment with different genotypes of maize (hybrid Hudan 4 and its parents 803 and Tian 4) were carried out. The result showed that hybrid maize Hudan 4 existed marked heterosis in root growth, root profile distribution and water use efficiency. The root length density of hybrid maize Hudan 4 was higher than that of its parents at shallow soil layer under full irrigation condition, but the root length density of Hudan 4 was markedly higher than that of its parents at whole soil profile under water stress conditions. Meanwhile, the root system distribution of same maize genotypes were different under different irrigation patterns. Compared with fully irrigation, no irrigation at jointing stage resulted in the more root distribution at deeper soil layer, which ensured the uptake and use of deeper soil layer water for maize. Root growth produced obvious compensation effect irrigated at later stage (head and filling stage), decline rate of root growth was alleviated at shallow soil layer. Water use efficiency of maize was markedly increased with no irrigation at jointing stage and rewatering at head and filling stage. Therefore, optimizing root profile distribution by rational irrigation is reliable approaches to raise water use efficiency of maize under drought conditions.
Keywords:crops  irrigation  water  drought  root length density  water stress  water use efficiency  compensation effect
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