根系分区不同灌水上下限对茄子生长与产量的影响

为了探明根系分区交替灌溉不同灌水上、下限对作物生长状况、气体交换与产量的影响，以指导节水灌溉，通过玻璃土箱试验，选取常规滴灌（conventional drip irrigation，CDI）和根系分区交替滴灌（alternate partial rootzone drip irrigation，APRDI）2种灌水方式，研究其在3种灌水上、下限水平下（CDI处理：植株两侧根区土壤含水率控制在田间持水率(Fc)的85%～100%；APRDI85-50处理：植株一侧根区土壤含水率维持在Fc的85%～100%，另一侧维持在Fc的50%～85%，当任意一侧根区土壤含水率＜50%Fc时即进行交替灌水；APRDI70-30处理：根区一侧含水率保持在Fc的70%～100%，另一侧控制在Fc的30%～70%，当其中一侧根区土壤含水率＜Fc的30%时即进行交替灌水）作物生长、产量及水分利用效率的差异。结果表明:与CDI相比，2种APRDI处理叶水势降低了19.0%和26.4%，气孔导度和蒸腾速率也显著下降，但APRDI85-50的光合速率增加了14.7%而APRDI70-30与CDI差异不明显，蒸腾效率比CDI分别提高了26.1%（APRDI85-50）和5.1%（APRDI70-30）。APRDI处理刺激了根系生长，显著增加了根干质量和根密度，有效控制了植株营养生长，使APRDI85-50的灌水利用效率比CDI提高了43.4%，产量增加10.8%，而CDI的灌水量比APRDI85-50处理增加了29.4%，说明交替滴灌下的APRDI85-50处理是一种经济可行的灌溉方式。

Effects of irrigation upper and lower limits on growth and yield of eggplant under partial rootzone conditions

The object of this study was to explore the effect of different irrigation upper and lower limits on crop growth, gas exchange and yield, the glass-soil boxes experiment was conducted about two irrigation methods (conventional drip irrigation (CDI), alternate partial root zone drip irrigation (APRDI)). The influence of three levels of irrigation upper and lower limits (CDI, as control, in which soil water content (SWC) in the whole root system ranged from 85%-100% of field capacity (FC); APRDI85-50, in which on one side of the divided root SWC was between 85%-100% of FC and on the other side it was maintained the range of 50%-85% of FC; PRD70-30, in which on one side of the divided root SWC was between 70% to 100% of FC and on the other side it was allowed to vary from 30% to 70%) on growth, gas exchange, yield, and water use ef?ciency in eggplant was studied. Results showed an obvious decrease of leaf water potential up to 19% and 26.4% in APRDI plants compared with CDI. Stomata conductance and transpiration rate in plants with APRDI were significant lower compared to control. However, photosynthetic rate increased by 14.7% in APRDI85-50 plants and photosynthetic rate of APRDI70-30 plants was similar to CDI treatment, thus increased instantaneous transpiration efficiency by 26.1% in APRDI85-50 treatment and 5.1% in APRDI70-30 treatments, respectively, compared to CDI. APRDI treatments triggered root growth, significantly increased root dry weight and root density, and effectively controlled vegetative growth. Compared to CDI treatment, an increase of 43.4% in irrigation water use efficiency was reached in APRDI85-50, yield also increased by 10.8% in APRDI85-50 treatment. However, the irrigation water increased by 29.4% in CDI treatment compared to APRDI85-50 treatment. These results showed that the APRDI85-50 treatment was a feasible irrigation pattern.