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基于叶面积指数改进双作物系数法估算旱作玉米蒸散
引用本文:冯禹,崔宁博,龚道枝,王罕博,郝卫平,梅旭荣.基于叶面积指数改进双作物系数法估算旱作玉米蒸散[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):90-98.
作者姓名:冯禹  崔宁博  龚道枝  王罕博  郝卫平  梅旭荣
作者单位:1. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所作物高效用水与抗灾减损国家工程实验室/农业部旱作节水农业重点实验室,北京,100081;2. 四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,成都,610065
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51179194);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD24B01);中央基本科研业务费(BSRF201609);农业部旱作节水农业重点实验室基金(HZJSNY201502)。
摘    要:为准确估算和区分黄土高原旱作春玉米蒸散(evapotranspiration,ET),该文基于实测叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)动态估算基础作物系数,利用LAI修正土壤蒸发系数,并基于修正后的双作物系数法估算和区分黄土高原地区旱作春玉米ET,并以2012、2013年寿阳站基于涡度相关系统和微型蒸渗仪实测的春玉米ET和土壤蒸发(soil evaporation)对修正后的双作物系数法的适用性进行评估。结果表明:修正后的双作物系数法能够较为准确的估算春玉米ET,2012年春玉米全生育期ET估算值、实测值分别为365.3、372.6 mm,2013年分别为385.6、369.4 mm;2012年全生育期改进双作物系数法决定系数、均方根误差、模型效率系数和平均绝对误差分别为0.824、0.561 mm/d、0.817和0.449 mm/d,2013分别为0.870、0.381 mm/d、0.871和0.332 mm/d;同时,修正后的双作物系数法可对春玉米各生育期ET进行准确区分,土壤蒸发估算值与实测值有较好的一致性,2012年全生育期估算和实测土壤蒸发分别为0.98和0.99 mm/d,分别占ET的38.12%和37.08%;2013年估算和实测土壤蒸发分别为0.86和0.89 mm/d,分别占ET的33.59%和35.90%。因此,修正后的双作物系数法能够较为准确地估算和区分黄土高原地区旱作春玉米ET。该研究可为黄土高原区农田水分精准管理提供科学指导。

关 键 词:作物  蒸散  模型  黄土高原  旱作春玉米  双作物系数法  涡度相关系统
收稿时间:1/5/2016 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2016/2/23 0:00:00

Estimating rainfed spring maize evapotranspiration using modified dual crop coefficient approach based on leaf area index
Feng Yu,Cui Ningbo,Gong Daozhi,Wang Hanbo,Hao Weiping and Mei Xurong.Estimating rainfed spring maize evapotranspiration using modified dual crop coefficient approach based on leaf area index[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(9):90-98.
Authors:Feng Yu  Cui Ningbo  Gong Daozhi  Wang Hanbo  Hao Weiping and Mei Xurong
Institution:1. State Key Engineering Laboratory of Crops Efficient Water Use and Drought Mitigation/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China,2. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China,1. State Key Engineering Laboratory of Crops Efficient Water Use and Drought Mitigation/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China,1. State Key Engineering Laboratory of Crops Efficient Water Use and Drought Mitigation/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China,1. State Key Engineering Laboratory of Crops Efficient Water Use and Drought Mitigation/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China and 1. State Key Engineering Laboratory of Crops Efficient Water Use and Drought Mitigation/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract:Evapotranspiration (ET) is vital to energy and water balance in agriculture, and accurate estimation and partition of ET is needed for crop water productivity improvement. In this study, a modified approach of FAO-56 dual coefficients of crop was developed for estimating and partitioning maize ET. Daily basal crop coefficient was dynamically calculated by introducing a canopy cover coefficient which could be simply described as a function of leaf area index (LAI). Daily evaporation coefficient was also calculated by modified canopy cover that was computed by LAI. Afield experiment was conducted from May to September during 2012 and 2013 in a rainfed farmland on the Loess Plateau of North China, and daily spring maize ET and soil evaporation were measured by eddy covariance system and micro-lysimeters to validate the modified approach of dual coefficients of crop. The results indicated that the LAI and the maximum plant height in 2012 were slightly larger than those in 2013, with the LAI ranging from 0 to 4.52 m2/m2 in 2012 and from 0 to 3.97 m2/m2in 2013, the maximum plant height of 2.98 m in 2012 and 2.97 m in 2013, respectively. Due to large frequency of wetting by rainfall and small canopy cover in initial stage, daily evaporation coefficientfluctuated significantly; then daily evaporation coefficientdecreased with the increase of canopy cover in development and mid stages, and increased in late stage. In contrast to daily evaporation coefficient, the change trend ofdaily basal crop coefficientwas relatively small in initial stage; then daily basal crop coefficient increased with the increase of LAI in development and mid stages, and decreased in late stage. Simulated maize ET values in initial, development, mid, late and whole growing season were 47.0, 81.1, 172.7, 64.6 and 365.3 mm in 2012, and 25.1, 78.5, 211.5, 70.5 and 385.6 mm in 2013, respectively, which were in good agreement with the measured ET, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.824, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.561 mm/d, coefficient of model efficiency (Ens) of 0.817, and average absolute error (AAE) of 0.449 mm/d in 2012,R2 of 0.870, RMSE of 0.381 mm/d,Ensof 0.871, and AAE of 0.332 mm/d in 2013, respectively. The good agreements were found between the simulated soil evaporation using the modified approach of dual coefficients of cropand the measured one by micro-lysimeters; the simulated soil evaporationwas 1.71, 1.25, 0.61, 0.78 and 0.98 mm/d in initial, development, mid, late and whole growing season, which accounted for 79.86%, 59.95%, 20.20%, 28.88% and 38.12% of ET in 2012, and 0.75, 0.96, 0.87, 0.77 and 0.86 mm/d in initial, development, mid, late and whole growing season, which accounted for 66.96%, 51.34%, 54.04%, 29.62% and 33.59% of ET in 2013, respectively. The results suggested that the modified approach of dual coefficients of cropcould estimate and partition rainfed maize ET accurately on the Loess Plateau of North China, and thus could be a useful method for agricultural water management. The current study doesn’t take the effects of maize planting density and direction of maize sowing-line on ET into consideration, and lacks the measured transpiration data, which may bring some uncertainties, and therefore, a further study considering these factors is needed to improve the performances of the approach of dual coefficients of crop.
Keywords:crops  evapotranspiration  models  the Loess Plateau  rainfed spring maize  FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach  eddy covariance system
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