油菜机械直播铲锹式种床整备机振动特性分析与结构改进

针对油菜机械直播铲锹式种床整备机作业时机组振动大，易导致关键零部件磨损、降低整机可靠性的问题，该研究利用Coco-80动态信号测试分析系统对机组在怠速和田间作业工况下的振动加速度进行测试，采用时域和频域分析相结合的方法，确定了两种工况下不同位置测点的振动加速度大小及机组主要激振源，并以此为依据提出了通过优化曲柄相位角排列方式降低整机所受合惯性力、合惯性力矩，减小铲锹式种床整备机振动的方案。进一步地，基于质量代换法建立了整机共10组曲柄摇杆机构的惯性力、惯性力矩受力模型，运用MATLAB软件分析得出整机受到合惯性力、合惯性力矩最小的曲柄相位角排列方式，在此排列方式下，整机合惯性力基本平衡，绕x、y轴的合惯性力矩绝对值均值分别降低了37.40%、30.09%。对改进后的机组在振动较大处采集加速度时域信号，与改进前相比，测点振动总量在怠速和田间作业工况下分别降低了36.42%、31.97%。该研究可为基于平面连杆机构群的农业机械减振研究提供参考。

Vibration characteristics analysis and structural improvement of the shovel type seedbed preparation machine suitable for rapeseed mechanical direct seeding

The shovel type seedbed preparation machine is suitable for the preparation of rapeseed seedbeds in the rice-oil rotation area in the mid-lower Yangtze River. It can complete the functions of soil plowing, soil leveling, straw burying, and furrow opening in one operation. However, the unit had large vibration and noise during idling and field operations, which can easily cause wear and tear of key components, reduce work reliability and trouble-free working time, and affect the health and comfort of the driver. In order to solve the problem of large vibration during unit operation, this paper analyzed the theoretical excitation frequency of the main vibration source during the operation of the tractor coupling unit through theoretical calculation, and the vibration acceleration of the unit under idle speed and field operation conditions was tested by using Coco-80 dynamic signal Test and analysis system. By using time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis, the vibration acceleration at different measuring points under two working conditions was determined, and the main excitation source of the unit was the movement of the shovel type tillage and soil preparation device. Based on the results of the vibration test, a scheme to reduce the vibration of the shovel type seed bed preparation machine was proposed by optimizing the arrangement of the crank phase angle to reduce the combined inertial force and inertia moment of the machine. According to the mass substitution method and kinematics analysis, the inertial force variation trend of a single group of shovel tillage and land preparation devices was obtained. Base on the calculation results, it was further clarified that the inertial force on the whole machine can be reduced by rationally designing the crank phase angle arrangement of the ten groups of mechanisms of the unit. Based on the calculated inertia force on a single group of mechanisms and combined with the crank phase angle of the existing machine tools arrangement, the inertial force and inertial moment force models of ten sets of crank-rocker mechanisms of the whole machine were established, and the arrangement of the crank phase angle that minimizes the total inertial force and inertial moment of the whole machine was obtained by using MATLAB software. Under this crank phase angle arrangement, the total inertial force of the whole machine was basically balanced, and the average absolute value of the total inertia moment in the x and y axes were reduced by 37.40% and 30.09% respectively. In order to verify the vibration reduction effect of changing the crank arrangement on the unit, the acceleration time domain signal was collected from the improved unit at the place where the vibration was relatively large. Compared with the unit before improvement, the total vibration of the measuring points after the improvement was respectively reduced by 36.42% and 31.97% under the conditions of idle speed and field operation. This research can provide reference for the inertia force balance design of planar linkage mechanisms and the research on vibration reduction of agricultural machinery based on planar linkage mechanism groups.