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无人直升机喷雾参数对玉米冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响
引用本文:秦维彩,薛新宇,周立新,张宋超,孙 竹,孔 伟,王宝坤.无人直升机喷雾参数对玉米冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):50-56.
作者姓名:秦维彩  薛新宇  周立新  张宋超  孙 竹  孔 伟  王宝坤
作者单位:农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014
基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203025); 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2013AA102303)
摘    要:为了阐明喷洒药械N-3型无人直升机(N-3 UAV)在玉米生长后期雾沉积效果及应用前景,研究了喷洒参数对玉米冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。该试验研究以染料Rhodamine-B溶解成一定浓度的溶液代替农药进行喷雾,通过改变飞机的作业高度和横向喷洒幅度进行喷雾试验;采样点设置沿玉米高度方向分4层,用聚酯卡作为雾滴取样器采集雾滴。用荧光分光光度计测定雾滴在玉米某一区域的沉积量,由此获得雾滴沉积量在玉米植株不同层间分布的规律。结果表明:作业高度为5 m时,雾滴在目标上的总沉积量最少,离散程度最大,极差值为0.17;作业高度为7 m时,雾滴在目标上的总沉积量比作业高度为5和9 m时的沉积量大,雾滴沉积量的离散程度最小,极差为0.10;不同作业高度时,雾滴在玉米顶部、上部、穂部、下部的沉积效果和分布均匀性的变异系数不同,雾滴在玉米上部和穗部的沉积量高于顶部和下部的沉积量。在同一作业高度下(7 m),横向喷幅为5和9 m时,多喷幅雾滴沉积百分比的极差为38.4%和38.1%,变异系数为41%和34.4%;横向喷幅为7 m时,多喷幅雾滴沉积百分比的极差为26.3%,变异系数为25%,雾滴分布均匀性最好。小型无人直升机在玉米生长后期喷洒农药时,作业高度和横向喷洒幅度会影响雾滴在植株上的沉积量和分布均匀性,综合考虑雾滴沉积特性和喷洒效果情况下,应该选择飞行高度为7 m,横向喷洒幅度为7 m作为作业参数。该研究可为喷雾器具的优化设计、性能改进以及正确使用等提供技术依据;对合理喷施农药、提高喷洒效率、防治病虫害大面积暴发具有重要意义。

关 键 词:无人直升机  喷雾  雾滴  沉积量  分布均匀性  玉米
收稿时间:2013/6/16 0:00:00
修稿时间:1/4/2014 12:00:00 AM

Effects of spraying parameters of unmanned aerial vehicle on droplets deposition distribution of maize canopies
Qin Weicai,Xue Xinyu,Zhou Lixin,Zhang Songchao,Sun Zhu,Kong Wei and Wang Baokun.Effects of spraying parameters of unmanned aerial vehicle on droplets deposition distribution of maize canopies[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(5):50-56.
Authors:Qin Weicai  Xue Xinyu  Zhou Lixin  Zhang Songchao  Sun Zhu  Kong Wei and Wang Baokun
Institution:Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
Abstract:Abstract: In order to explore the effect of spray droplet deposition and applications of N-3 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at late maize growth, spray test was done at different working heights and multi-swath lap joint of different spraying swath. Research on fog drop interception by maize canopies during pesticide spraying can provide technical data for the optimum design, performance improvements, and correct use of the sprayer. A solution of Rhodamine-B mixed with water in 0.1% concentration was selected for instead of the pesticide to spray maize fields, monitoring wind speed of flight direction refer to meteorological station monitoring method in spraying test, as well as humidity and temperature. Droplets were collected along the altitude direction of maize growth in four layers using mylar card with a diameter of 90 mm. The deposit of spraying fog drop on maize plant in every layer was measured by means of a fluorescence spectrophotometer to abtain the regularities of distribution of droplet deposition between different layers in maize canopies. The analysis results showed that: the total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached minimum when the working height was 5 meters. Meanwhile, dispersion had a largest value of 0.17. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached maximum when the working height was 7 meters. Meanwhile, dispersion had a smallest value of 0.10. The effects of spray droplet deposition and uniformity were different at the top, upper, ear and bottom of maize canopies when the working height was different, the quantity of droplets deposition in upper and ear of maize canopies was higher than that at the top and bottom of the maize. The deposition percentage of multi-spraying swath was 38.4% and 38.1% respectively, when the spraying swath was 5 meters and 9 meters under the same working height, and CV was 41% and 34.4%, respectively. The deposition on maize canopies was maximum when the height of working flight was 7 m. The connection of the width of spraying swath was the best when the spraying swath was 7 m, which coefficient of variation was 25%. Flight height and spraying swath of unmanned helicopter had a significant impact on the deposition uniformity, the results can provide guidance for the actual production application at late maize growth. Therefore, considering droplet deposition characteristics and the spray effect, 7 meters in the working height and 7 meters in the spraying swath should be chosen as reference of spraying pesticides. The research also has a significance in reasonably spraying pesticide, improving the efficiency of spraying, increasing the pesticide-applying efficiency and prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests outbreaks in large areas.
Keywords:unmanned aerial vehicle  spraying  droplet  deposition  spraying uniformity  maize
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