中药材生产机械化的技术装备需求量化模型构建

为分析与判断中药材各生产环节机械化的差异化发展需求,从机械化作业程度、技术装备状况、用户需求3个角度,结合熵权法和层次聚类分析法构建了中药材生产机械化的技术装备发展需求量化评价模型,并基于Fisher判别法将该模型进行函数化表达。实证评价结果表明,中药材生产环节的发展需求可分为3类,其中收获、中耕、移栽环节属于A类需求水平,"无机可用"和"有机难用"的现象明显,机械化技术装备的发展需求迫切。Fisher判别法训练得到的函数I贡献率为79.4%,Wilks’ Lambda值为0.037,具有统计显著性,获得的3种需求类别的中心值分别为-2.868,1.904和1.675,可用此数学模型精确表达发展需求的分类。该模型可在形成分类的同时体现原因和细节,对于有针对性地开展特定应用需求的技术装备研发、推进农业机械化供给侧改革、促进中药材生产机械化的可持续发展具有指导意义,同时也可为其他机械化发展滞后的作物品种或地区的技术装备发展需求评价提供参考。

Quantitative model for technology and equipment demanded for mechanization production of traditional Chinese medicine

Modern mechanical equipment is very important to agricultural production. The introduction of modern machinery and equipment into the production process of traditional Chinese medicine is an effective way to solve the contradiction between the expansion of production scale of traditional Chinese medicine industry and the reduction of labor force.. The mechanization development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production is in the initial stage. The main goal at this stage is to realize the "from scratch" of the relevant technical equipments. However, due to the varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, complex production process, regional differences and other factors, it is difficult to judge the demand for mechanized production of traditional Chinese medicine and lack of methods. How to evaluate and analyze the the differences in the demand for mechanized development is of great significance to the research of technical equipment, the implementation of supply side reform and the promotion of the production and development of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production, combined with the analysis of degree of mechanized operation, status of technology and equipment and levels of user demand, this paper constructs the evaluation index system for the development of technical and equipment of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production. The degree of mechanized operation indicates the ratio of mechanized operation area to the total planting area. The status of technology and equipment is alculated by weighting the five indexes of advance, economy, applicability, reliability and security. The levels of user demand is divided according to the proportion of users with demand, users with demand but no machinery available and the proportion of users with demand in different production process. Then an evaluation model combined with entropy weight method and hierarchical cluster analysis method is formed, and after classifying by the hierarchical cluster analysis method, the model is expressed functionally based on the Fisher discriminant method. In empirical research, the demonstration base of national comprehensive experimental station of traditional Chinese medicinal materials is selected as the research object, eight production processes of sowing, transplanting, fertilization, intertillage, plant protection, harvesting, cleaning and drying are selected for evaluation Through the investigation in 23 provinces of China, the production processes of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production are categorized into three types. The harvest, intertillage, and transplanting belonged to the type A, which have the highest demand level. The seeding is classified as type B, and the drying, cleaning, plants protection and fertilization are type C. The phenomenons of "no machinery available" and "unsuitable to use" are obvious for type A, and there is an urgent demand for the development of technology and equipment, the evaluation results are consistent with the investigation results. According to the further calculation results based on discriminant Function I, the central values of type A, type B and type C are -2.868, 1.904 and 1.675 respectively, which shows that the evaluation model of development demands classification can be accurately expressed by quantitative mathematical functions. The machinery of the type A production processes represented by harvest should be developed in priority in traditional Chinese medicinal materials production. The research and development of special machinery for the production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials should take the road of combining independent innovation research with the introduction of other main grain production machinery.The model proposed in this paper reflects the reasons and details at the same time of forming classification, which can provide reference for the development demand evaluation of other crops or regional agricultural machinery technology and equipment with backward mechanization development.