4B-1200型平贝母药材收获机的设计与试验

针对山区丘陵平贝母收获费时费工、机械化水平不高等现状,设计了一种与手扶拖拉机相配套的平贝母药材收获机。该机主要由刮土机构、挖掘铲、振动筛、筛下分贝土机构、装袋装置等组成。利用解析作图法对振动筛串联四杆机构进行分析,确定平贝母和土壤混合物能顺利通过筛面的驱动轴转速范围240~535 r/min;对反向螺旋叶片上的平贝母进行受力分析得出减小平贝母碰撞破损的筛下分土机构螺旋叶片转速小于4 m/s;平贝母收获试验样机田间试验表明:该机作业顺畅、性能稳定,匹配动力为13.2 k W的手扶拖拉机,平贝母损失率小于4.9%、损伤率小于4.1%,满足行业标准规定,筛后贝土输送螺旋能顺畅地将贝土分至畦面两侧。该研究为产品级平贝母药材收获机的研制提供技术参考。

Design and test on 4B-1200 type bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis medicinal material harvester

Abstract: Bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis is one of the fritillaria medical drugs. The bulbs of fritillary belong to lilaceous perennial herbaceous plants, and the underground bulbs are the medicinal part with very high medicinal value. Bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis is not only the relatively rare traditional Chinese medicinal material, but also the important Chinese export commodity, so it is quite popular on the market at home and abroad. Bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis mainly grows in the eastern mountain foothills such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning Province, and the traditional manual harvesting of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis is with big labor intensity and low efficiency, which leads to economic loss. Therefore, developing the small medicinal materials harvester of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis is the priority of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis production. Herbalists are keen to use mechanization technology to replace the heavy physical labor, reduce labor intensity, increase the harvest productivity and their income, and promote the local economic development. So, aiming at the above problems, the research team has been dedicated to the research on the fritillaria mechanical harvesting, focusing on the two key technologies containing level screening and mining technology of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis. Sectional terms of mechanized harvesting method had been proposed in the past, and correspondingly level screening machinery and excavator of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis had been developed, but the efficiency was low and the production cost was relatively high, so in order to solve these problems above, the fritillaria harvester matched with a walking tractor is designed in this study. The machine mainly consists of a scraping mechanism, a digging shovel, a vibration screen, below-sift separate shellfish and soil mechanism, bagging apparatus, transmission system, frame, land wheels and other key components. It is obtained by formula derivation that the width of bulldozing shovel is 1400 mm, the height of bulldozing shovel wing is 500 mm, the shovel wing surface radius is 400 mm, the shovel wing plane width is 120 mm, the shovel wing angle is 120°, the breaking ground angle is 65°, and the forward turning angle is 75°; and the shovel surface width of digging shovel is 1200 mm, the level inclination of shovel surface is 26°, the shovel surface is 140 mm long, the spacing of digging shovel's end grid is 8 mm, and the grid length is 40 mm. By analyzing the four-bar mechanism based on analytical graphic method, it is determined that the speed range of vibration sieve crank is 240-535 rad/min and within this range the mixture of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis and soil can pass successfully. It is shown by the force analysis of the reverse spiral blade that the spiral blade speed of soil separating part below sieve is less than 4 m/s. By means of UG (Unigraphics NX) software, the three-dimensional model of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis medicinal materials harvester is programmed to assemble the parts and analyze the feasibility of the structure design, on the basis of which the experiment prototype is produced. The field experiments show that the matching dynamic of bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis is the walking tractor with 13.2 kW, the damage rate is less than 4.1% and the loss rate is less than 4.9%. All the indices are in accord with the industry standard regulations. The below-sieve transportation spiral of shellfish and soil can separate shellfish and soil to two sides of border check surface. The study can provide a technical reference to research bulbus fritillariae ussuriensis medicinal materials harvester at product level.