养殖皱纹盘鲍人工育苗LED光质及光照时期优选

光照是影响水生生物生长发育和存活的重要环境因子之一。该文研究了不同光质(红光、橙光、白光、蓝光、绿光和黑暗环境)和光照起始阶段(分别从受精卵,担轮幼虫,眼点幼虫)对皱纹盘鲍幼虫生长发育和存活的影响。试验结果表明:在蓝、绿光以及黑暗环境下,幼虫的孵化率都超过80%,与红、橙、白光组相比差异显著(P0.05)。红、橙、白光下,幼虫的畸形率则均较高,且与其他光质组相比差异显著(P0.05)。而在红光下,幼虫的畸形率显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),超过10%。蓝光下,从担轮幼虫阶段起始光照,幼虫的变态率显著高于其他光质组。红、橙光和黑暗环境下,不同光照起始阶段幼虫的变态率均较低且没有显著性差异(P0.05)。从受精卵阶段起始光照,蓝光下幼虫的变态率显著高于其他光质组(P0.05),绿光和白光下幼虫的变态率也较高且二者间并没有显著性的差异(P0.05)。从受精卵阶段起始光照,蓝、绿光和黑暗环境下担轮幼虫的规格显著大于白、红光组(P0.05),且3种光质间并没有显著性的差异(P0.05)。蓝、绿光下,从担轮幼虫和面盘幼虫阶段起始光照,幼虫形成次生壳和变态时的规格显著大于从受精卵阶段起始光照组(P0.05),但从眼点幼虫阶段起始光照组,幼虫所需的变态时间显著长于从受精卵和担轮幼虫阶段起始光照组(P0.05)。因此,在皱纹盘鲍的幼虫培育过程中,选择蓝、绿光并且从担轮幼虫期起始光照对提高苗种孵化效率、增加单位水体产量和促进鲍育苗技术发展具有重要意义。

Optimization of LED light quality and time for artificial breeding of Haliotis discus hannai

Abstract: Light is one of the key environmental factors that influence the growth, development and survival of aquatic organism. In this study, the effects of different light qualities (red, orange, white, blue, green light and dark setting) and initial stage of lighting (fertilized egg, trochophore, eye spot larvae) on the growth, development and survival of the larvae of Haliotis discus hannai Ino were examined. Experimental results suggested that the hatching rate of larvae under green, blue, and dark setting were all >80% and were significantly higher compared with those under red, orange, or white light (P<0.05). Under red, orange or white light, the abnormality rate of larvae was higher and significant difference was identified if compared to any other light quality group (P<0.05). Under red light, abnormalities occurred in >10% of larvae, which was significantly higher than in any other treatment group (P<0.05). Under blue light, since the trochophore stage, the metamorphosis rate of larvae was significantly higher than any other light quality group. Under red, orange light or in dark setting, the metamorphosis rate of larvae was lower at the initial stage of different lights and no significant difference was identified if compared to any other light quality group (P>0.05). The metamorphosis rate of larvae cultured under blue light since the fertilized egg stage was significantly higher than in any other light quality group lit at the same stage (P<0.05), while the metamorphosis rate among larvae cultured under green or white light was also higher than in the remaining groups, with no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Under blue, green light, the survival rate of juvenile was significantly higher than any other light quality group (P<0.05), but no significant effect on the survival rate of juvenile was identified in the initial stage of different lights (P>0.05). In cultures lit since the fertilized egg stage, trochophore size was significantly larger under blue, green, or dark setting, compared with white or red light (P<0.05), with no significant difference among these blue, green, or dark setting (P>0.05). Under blue, green light, since the stage of trochophore or eye spot larvae, the size of completion of larval shell and metamorphosis was significantly bigger than any other group since the fertilized egg stage (P<0.05). However, the required time of metamorphosis of larvae since the eye spot larvae stage was significantly longer if compared to that of any other group since the stage of fertilized egg or trochophore (P<0.05). Therefore, blue, green light used as light source and lighting starting from the stage of trochophore in the culture and growth of the larvae of H. discus hannai Ino can be highly referential to boost the hatching efficiency of seeds, increase the yield per water body and for the rapid development of the aquaculture industry.