基于县域尺度的中国土地整治新增耕地空间差异分析

为探索中国土地整治新增耕地在数量及来源上的空间分布特征，利用2006-2012年土地整治项目信息，基于县域尺度，采用空间自相关方法，对近年来中国土地整治新增耕地数量及来源结构的空间差异进行分析，结合自然资源条件、经济发展水平、土地利用政策等分析了差异产生的原因，得到以下研究结论：在空间分布上，土地整治新增耕地总体呈现东部高于西部、经济发达区高于欠发达区、粮食主产区高于非粮食主产区、平原地区高于山地丘陵区；在空间关联性上，县域尺度下新增耕地在空间分布上存在较为显著的空间正相关性，东部沿海经济发达区、土地开发重点区为新增耕地高-高集聚区，中、西部欠发达、自然资源条件较差及后备资源有限的地区为新增耕地低-低集聚区；在新增耕地来源结构上，具有显著的区域及省际间差异。东部发达地区主要以整理和复垦来源为主，北方地区的新增耕地多由土地开发和整理获得，中部地区来源复杂，四川、重庆以整理来源居多，陕西中部、湖北大部多为整理、复垦类型；南方广东、广西、贵州、湖南、江西多为开发类型。经济水平及资源条件相似的广东与浙江、辽宁与吉林等省份之间具有明显的省际差异。该研究结果为相关宏观决策提供数据参考。

Analysis on spatial difference of newly increased farmland by land consolidation in China at county level

Abstract: In order to find out the spatial difference regarding quantity and source structure of newly increased cultivated land by consolidation in China, the data are acquired from a consolidation project from 2006 to 2012 by the Ministry of Land and Resources. This paper first analyzes the spatial-temporal pattern of China's newly increased cultivated land at county level according to corresponding data, and Geoda software is used to analyze the spatial correlation of newly increased cultivated land area and produces a LISA cluster map. Then the source structure of newly increased cultivated land is divided into seven categories, which forms a spatial-temporal pattern map. Finally we analyze the spatial difference of quantity and source structure of these land based on the above three maps, aiming to figure out the reason for these differences through analyzing natural conditions, economic development level, land use policy and other factors. The results showed that: 1) In terms of spatial distribution, newly increased cultivated land in eastern China ranks higher than that of the western, developed areas higher than less developed places, grain producing areas higher than the counterparts, and plains higher than mountainous and hilly areas. It can be easily found that the amount of newly increased cultivated land is closely related to regional economy and the reserve of cultivated land. 2) Newly increased cultivated land at county level has a clear positive correlation with spatial allocation, namely, developed regions near the eastern coast and key areas of land development are high-high areas, whereas less developed areas in central and western China, where was poor concerning natural condition and regional resources reserve are low-low areas. At the same time, high-low areas and low-high areas form great contrasts with surrounding areas in economy and resource. 3) When it comes to the source structure of newly increased cultivated land, there are significant regional and provincial differences. Newly increased cultivated land in the eastern coastal developed regions comes mainly from land consolidation and reclamation while in northern regions development and consolidation contribute the most. Source structure in central China was complex. To be more specific, most of the cultivated land in Sichuan and Chongqing are from land consolidation, while in middle Shanxi and Hubei land consolidation and reclamation create more cultivated land. Land development rate is high in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, etc. Even between those provinces that are similar in economy and resource, such as Guangdong and Zhejiang, Liaoning and Jilin, significant differences still exist. The above results reflect that the source structure of newly increased cultivated land in eastern coastal provinces is reasonable, and its current arrangement of land consolidation is suitable to optimize the structure of land use and sustainable development. Meanwhile, the source structure of newly increased cultivated land of some provinces is unsatisfied and needs to be guided and changed. In the future, the guiding role of national land consolidation planning should be strengthened to standardize the provincial land consolidation project. Taking the opportunity of the construction of well-facilitated primary farmland, it is necessary to give priority to land consolidation, attach importance to land reclamation and control land development.