基于ZigBee的节能型水产养殖环境监测系统

该文基于ZigBee无线传感器网络技术，设计了一种节能型水产养殖环境监测系统，用于实时监测水的温度、pH值、溶解氧浓度和浊度等参数。系统采用CC2530为核心处理器设计无线传感器节点；运用开源的Z-stack协议栈开发了节点应用程序，提高了系统的稳定性和可靠性；使用9 V锂电池为无线传感器节点供电，实现了系统的无线化；采用C/S和B/S混合编程模式开发了简单直观的本地用户监测界面和远程监测网站，实现了系统的本地监测和远程监测；采用分时、分区供电的方式和数据融合技术延长了节点的生存时间。该文介绍了系统软硬件设计方法，并重点阐述了软件和硬件的节能策略。实验室测试表明，采用方案4（传感器不一直工作，数据全部发送），节点数据采集周期为10 min，节点能正常工作94 d，实际系统上线时，节点数据采集周期为30 min，节点预计能正常工作280 d左右；运用节能策略后，节点寿命延长了1倍。在甘肃省某虹鳟鱼养殖基地进行了实地测试，路由节点剩余能量约占总能量的47%，终端节点剩余能量约占总能量的33%，路由节点能量消耗较快，距离汇聚节点最近的16号路由节点的寿命预估只有134 d。结果表明该系统具有功耗低、运行稳定、网络寿命长等优点，能实现水产养殖环境的实时监测，具有很好的市场前景和推广价值。

Energy-efficient aquaculture environmental monitoring system based on ZigBee

Abstract: China's aquaculture industry develops rapidly in recent years, but most of the aquaculture environmental monitoring is still in the level of traditionally relying on artificial experience, and its cost is high and efficiency is low, and has been unable to meet the demand of the current development of aquaculture. This paper, based on ZigBee wireless sensor network technology, designed a kind of energy-efficient aquaculture environmental monitoring system to monitor the water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen concentration and turbidity parameters. The paper designed the wireless sensor node using CC2530 as the core processor, designed the A/D conversion module and RF (radio frequency) module by using A/D conversion function and RF function of CC2530, and designed the signal conditioning circuit based on electrochemical sensor. The system supplied electricity for wireless sensor nodes using the 9 V lithium battery to realize the wireless system, developed the node application program using the open source protocol stack Z-stack to improve the system stability and reliability, developed the local user monitoring interface and remote monitoring site using the mixed programming mode of C/S and B/S, constructed the dynamic self-organizing network based on the mesh topology, prolonged the survival time of node using time-sharing and subarea power supply mode and data fusion technology. The paper established the mathematical model from the power of the node modules, and then put forward a kind of energy-saving technology from the 2 aspects of hardware and software. After the design of the node, the paper verified the theoretical calculation through laboratory experiment and field experiment. In laboratory, the comparison experiment of 4 types of schemes of the system energy consumption was carried out. Laboratory tests showed that it doubled the life of nodes when using the time-sharing and subarea power supply for each module of the node. It prolonged the life of node by about 50 h when reducing the amount of data transmission to sink node. The result showed that the electrochemical sensor and signal conditioning circuit used in the system have become the dominant factors of the sensor node power consumption, and the data transmission capacity has become the secondary factor. In order to improve the accuracy of the measurement of the aquaculture parameters, and not lose the useful information, after the analysis of laboratory test data, the best plan was chosen and the experiment was carried out in the field. In the field, system worked for 3 months. Then, the discharge test of the lithium battery of the nodes was carried out. The result showed that the remaining energy of the 12 sensor nodes was about 66% of the total energy, that of the 3 routing nodes was about 47% of the total energy and that of the 1 routing node was about 33% of the total energy. The results of the field test were consistent with the laboratory, and the energy-saving technology was practicable. Therefore, the system has the advantages of low power consumption, stable operation, long network lifetime, and so on. It can realize the real-time monitoring of aquaculture environment, and has the very good market prospect and promotion value.