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双腔侧充种式水稻精量穴播排种器的设计与试验
引用本文:张国忠,张沙沙,杨文平,卢康,雷志强,杨明.双腔侧充种式水稻精量穴播排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):9-17.
作者姓名:张国忠  张沙沙  杨文平  卢康  雷志强  杨明
作者单位:华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070; 湖北省现代农业装备工程技术研究中心,武汉 430070
基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项(2013PY123);湖北省公益性科技研究项目(2014BBB002);湖北省水稻全程轻简化机械栽培技术集成与示范(4006-37014005)
摘    要:为实现杂交稻和常规稻大田精量穴播,该文设计了一种具有弧形毛刷清种护种装置的双腔侧充式水稻精量穴播排种器,其单腔播种时用于播种杂交稻,双腔播种时用于播种常规稻。为评价该排种器排种性能,以合格率、漏播率、重播率、破损率为评价指标,以杂交稻"培杂泰丰"和常规稻"黄华占"为试验对象,以排种轴转速为影响因素,进行了排种性能台架试验。试结果表明:当排种轴转速为25 r/min,穴距150 mm,投种高度为150 mm,排种盘型孔中心线与排种盘端面间夹角为20°,且过端面上型孔截面长轴方向与排种盘面径向夹角为90°时,排种器单腔播种含水率为21.66%的杂交稻"培杂泰丰"破胸露白芽种合格率(2~4粒/穴)为87.04%,空穴率(0粒/穴)为3.33%,破损率为0.40%;双腔播种含水率为22.47%的常规稻"黄华占"破胸露白芽种合格率(5~8粒/穴)为70.26%,无空穴,破损率为0.06%。该排种器具有双腔结构,可同时或分腔进行播种,能同时满足杂交稻和常规稻播种要求。该研究为排种器的结构设计提供了参考。

关 键 词:农业机械  种子  设计  排种器  双腔侧充种  精量穴直播  水稻
收稿时间:2015/12/31 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/1/18 0:00:00

Design and experiment of double cavity side-filled precision hole seed metering device for rice
Zhang Guozhong,Zhang Shash,Yang Wenping,Lu Kang,Lei Zhiqiang and Yang Ming.Design and experiment of double cavity side-filled precision hole seed metering device for rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(8):9-17.
Authors:Zhang Guozhong  Zhang Shash  Yang Wenping  Lu Kang  Lei Zhiqiang and Yang Ming
Institution:1.College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University; 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Wuhan, 430070, China,1.College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University; 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Wuhan, 430070, China,1.College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University; 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Wuhan, 430070, China,1.College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University; 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Wuhan, 430070, China,1.College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University; 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Wuhan, 430070, China and 1.College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University; 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Wuhan, 430070, China
Abstract:In order to realize field precision seeding and raise the utilization of seeding machine, a kind of double-cavity side-filled precision seed metering device for rice was designed, and a new seed-retaining structure was proposed, which used the brush to clean and protect seeds. The working principle seed metering devicewas analyzed and the related parameters were established. Qualification ratio, resowing ratio, missed seeding ratio and breaking ratio were regarded as the evaluation index. The study objects were “Peizataifeng” (hybrid rice) and “Huanghuazhan” (conventional rice), which were pre-germinated and their moisture were respectively 22.47% (wet basis) and 21.66% (wet basis). The single cavity of seed metering device was used to seed the hybrid rice and the double cavities of seed metering device were used to seed conventional rice with the different rotational speed of seeding axle, the different forward speed of conveyor belt, and the regular throwing-seed height. The experimental results showed there existed optimal combination parameters for the capability of the metering device to meet the needs of precision seeding, which were that the rotational speed of seeding axle was 25 r/min, the forward speed of conveyor belt was 1.0 m/s, the hole distance was 150 mm, the throwing-seed height was 150 mm, the angle between the type hole central line and the seeding disc axis line was 20°, and the angle between the radial direction of long axis for the section of type hole and the radial direction along the end face of the seeding disc was 90°. under the optimal combination parameters, the qualification ratio (2-4 seeds per hole) of seeding “Peizataifeng” (hybrid rice) with single cavity was 87.04%, the resowing ratio (0-1 seed per hole) was 2.96%, the cavity ratio (0 seed per hole) was 3.33%, and the breaking ratio was 0.40%. Meanwhile, the qualification ratio (5-8 seeds per hole) of seeding “Huanghuazhan” (conventional rice) with double cavities was 70.26%, the resowing ratio (0-4 seeds per hole) was 0, the cavity ratio (0 seed per hole) was 0, and the breaking ratio was 0.06%. The single cavity and the double cavities of seed metering device to seed different rice type, the change trends of the qualification ratio, the resowing ratio, the missed seeding ratio and the breaking ratio were consistent. The experimental results showed that the qualification ratio (2-4 seeds per hole) of seeding “Huanghuazhan” was more than 84.13%, the cavity ratio (0 seed per hole) was less than 3.33%, and the breaking ratio was less than 0.47%, when the rotation speed of seeding axle ranged from 10 to 25 r/min. Because the seed metering device has a double-cavity structure, it can seed with single cavity or double cavities, and the adjustment of seeding quantity is convenient. The study provides a basis for the design of double-cavity type seed metering device.
Keywords:agricultural machinery  seed  design  seed metering device  double cavity side-filled  precision hill-drop  rice
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