北方农牧交错带界线变迁区的土地利用与景观格局变化

交错带是相邻生态系统的边缘交汇带,是陆地生态系统对全球变化和人为干扰响应较为敏感的地段。在全球气候变化和人为干扰的影响下,北方农牧交错带的地理位置和界线不断变迁,界线变迁区的土地利用和景观格局也处于快速的变化之中。该文基于气象和土地利用数据,利用遥感、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,界定了北方农牧交错带及界线变迁区的地理位置,并分析了1986-2000年界线变迁区的土地利用和景观格局时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)北方农牧交错带的西北界、东南界缓冲区土地利用结构变化、不同地类之间的相互转化及土地利用动态度变化存在明显区域差异;(2)西北界、东南界缓冲区景观重心迁移的距离和方向、景观格局变化呈现出不同的特征。

Changes of land use and landscape pattern in the boundary change areas in farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China

The ecotone was defined as a transitional zone between two adjacent ecosystems,and it was the sensitive region of terrestrial ecosystems which is vulnerable to global change and human disturbance.Under the impact of global climate change and human disturbance,the location and boundary in farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China are changing continually,and the land use and landscape pattern of boundary changing area are also changing quickly.Based on the meteorological data and land use data,by using RS,GIS technology and landscape ecological methods,the locations of farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China and its boundary change area are defined,and the temporal and spatial changes of land use and landscape pattern are analyzed in boundary change area from 1986 to 2000.The main results reveal that:(1)The structural changes of land use,the alternative transformation of different land use types and the dynamic degree of land use have obvious regional differences in the buffer zones of northwest boundary and southeast boundary.(2)The distances and directions of landscape gravity centers transfer,and the changes of landscape pattern have their different characteristics in buffer zones of northwest boundary and southeast boundary.