大同盆地金沙滩盐碱地综合治理技术开发研究

大同盆地苏打型盐碱地,治理难度较大,通过4年来的综合治理试验研究表明水利措施采用井灌井排、井渠结合,明沟、暗沟、深沟、浅沟密集相结合,地下水位可由改良前的1.63 m下降到2.05 m;化学改良剂(SN-01)连续施用3年后耕作层土壤pH由原来的9.76下降到8.16,EC值由原来的0.54下降到0.22 ms/cm,CO2-3消失,HCO-3下降89.7%,Na+下降76.4%.国产材料石膏、风化煤、黑矾、糠醛渣施用后表层土pH、碱化度都有明显的下降趋势;农业措施采取平整土地,耕作层脱盐率可达55%,深翻后耕作层土壤密度降低11.6%～13.7%;孔隙度提高12.2%～13.7%.增施有机肥后耕作层土壤碱化度可下降69.7%～76%;合理的耕作技术和耕作管理方法具有保墒、抑盐、躲盐的作用,为作物生长创造了良好的环境条件.

Combined methods for comprehensive improvement of saline-alkali soil in Datong Basin

The research conducted for four years demonstrated that only the combination of several methods was able to improve saline-alkali soil. Hydrotechnics (e.g. well water for irrigation, combined utilization of well and drainage canal, open drainage together with underdrainage) lowered the ground water level from 2.05 m to (1.45) m. Employing chemical amendment (SN-01) for three years neutralized pH value from 8.43 to 10.2 in the tillage layer of soil. Also chemical amendment diminished salt content, expressed as electrical conductivity (EC). As a result, CO~(2-)_3 was disappeared; HCO~-_3 and Na~+ contents in the soil were only 89.7% and 85.9% of original contents, respectively. Other amendments, such as sulfur-free gypsum, lignite, compost of furfural etc., had effective functions on saline-alkali soil. Salt content decreased 40% by means of suitable agricultural ways. Soil bulk density diminished and porosity increased. Organic fertilizer enhanced 21.8% organic matter. Total N was (1.5) times higher than that before its application. Suitable agricultural techniques and management played significant roles in keeping soil moisture, diminishing and avoiding salt damage to plants.