耕地不同利用方式下的土壤养分状况分析

以山东青州市为例，在对耕地土壤养分状况进行全面的调查分析，获取大量土壤养分数据的基础上，以数理统计方法对5种耕地利用方式下17种土壤养分状况的差异性进行分析，进而系统地探讨了耕地不同利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响。研究结果表明：耕地不同利用方式对土壤有机质及大量元素、交换性钙、镁、有效硅、锌、硼、土壤pH值和全盐含量有显著影响。由于菜地高施肥量及高产出的影响，大部分菜地土壤养分的含量明显高于粮田，但有效硅含量粮田则远高于菜地。粮田土壤pH值高于菜地，全盐含量菜地高于粮田。在旱地、水浇地粮田和露天菜地中有效磷含量变异最大，但设施菜地中全氮、有效硫含量的变异最大。研究结果对于探明耕地利用对土壤的养分状况的影响，对研究区耕地资源的合理利用与保护将具有积极意义。

Analysis of soil nutrient situation under different cultivated land use types

Taking Qingzhou County as a case study, based on the systematic field survey and experimental analysis to get a database of soil nutrients, this paper systematically analyzed the differences of seventeen soil nutrient items under five cultivated land use types by the method of mathematical statistics analysis. The impacts of different cultivated land use types on soil nutrients were discussed. The result shows the significant influence of different cultivated land use types on soil organic matter and macronutrients, exchangeable Ca, Mg, available Si, Zn, B, soil pH value and total salt content. Because of the large amount of fertilization and higher biological output on vegetable lands, the contents of most soil nutrients in vegetable land are higher than those in farmlands. However, the content of available Si in farmlands is obviously higher than that in vegetable lands. The pH value of farmlands is higher than that of vegetable lands and total salt content in vegetable lands is higher than that in farmlands. Among dry land, irrigated land and open vegetable land, available P has the maximal variance, while in protected vegetable lands the total N and available S have the maximal variance. This study will have a positive significance for exploring the effects of cultivated land use types on soil nutrients and for the reasonable use and protection of cultivated land resources.